本試驗自2007年7月至9月底，在小琉球外海中層人工浮魚礁區連續監測黃鰭鮪魚群，於浮魚礁設置點水下40m設置一組接收器(VEMCO, VR2)，浮魚礁外，沿西南方向間隔400m連續設置2組接收器，並以超音波發信器(VEMCO, VP9-2H-S256)做為樣本魚標識工具，共連續標識放流9條不同大小體長的黃鰭鮪連續接收結果，時間最長約19天。一般而言，白天垂直洄游深度較深，根據儀器所收到的訊號，最深可達160m左右。黃鰭鮪主要會在混合水層中洄游，當表層水溫高達30oC時會遠離表水層。
在垂直洄游方面，小型黃鰭鮪白天主要棲息水深為40m~60m，而到夜晚時上浮至表層40m以淺水域，有顯著上浮行為；而體型較大的黃鰭鮪在夜晚時垂直洄游範圍較白天廣，且夜晚沒有顯著上浮情況。根據黃鰭鮪在中層人工浮魚礁區的行為特性差異，可將55cm以下的黃鰭鮪歸類為小型黃鰭鮪，而55cm(含)以上則屬於體型較大的黃鰭鮪。
在水平洄游方面，黃鰭鮪有大範圍洄游、間歇停留與連續停留3種不同的洄游模式，其中小型黃鰭鮪出現大範圍與間歇停留型態時，均在夜晚離開中層人工浮魚礁，白天才會回到中層人工浮魚礁中心；而體型較大的黃鰭鮪則不分日夜均有離開及返回中層人工浮魚礁的行為，估計中層人工浮魚礁的有效聚魚半徑達1km左右。

The spatial movements of yellowfin tunas around the fish aggregating devices which were anchored below 40 meters water with a VEMCO VR2 receiver were investigated using ultrasonic telemetry tags V9P (VEMCO VP9-2H-S256). The experiment was conducted in the Shiao-Liu-Chiu Island of Taiwan from July to September, 2007. A pair of VEMCO VR2 receivers was separated by 400 meter distances in west of south sea ,Taiwan. A total of 9 tagged fishes with different sizes were monitored for maximum 19 days. Preliminary results showed that juvenile fish stayed longer and closer within FADs than the adult fish. Fish could move vertically to as low as 160 meters at daytime. They avoid the surface water where the temperature reach 30oC.
In nighttime, juvenile fish that has fork length smaller than 55cm generally moves to the surface mixed layer. On the horizontal movement, there are three types. A) fish stays at FADs site. B) Fish move in and out FADs sites for a few hours period. C) fish moves away from FADs site for a long times (maybe 2~3 days). Sometimes juvenile fish would have B) or C) moved away from the FAD devices during dawn and dusk, and back at daytime. But this would not occurred with large fish. We estimated the attraction radius of FADs at least 1 km.

目錄
中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………… I
英文摘要 ……………………………………………………………… II
目錄 …………………………………………………………………… III
圖目錄 ………………………………………………………………… V
表目錄 ………………………………………………………………… VIII

謝辭 …………………………………………………………………… IX

第一章、前言 ………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 電子標識的願景 ……………………………………………… 1
1.2 人工浮魚礁的功能與演進 …………………………………… 6
1.3 黃鰭鮪的習性與各大洋區的漁獲 ………………………… 11
1.4 研究目的與動機 …………………………………………… 16
1.5 本研究架構 ………………………………………………… 17
第二章、材料與方法 ………………………………………………… 21
2.1 Vemco超音波標識器標識技術 …………………………… 21
2.1.1超音波標識放流前置作業 ………………………………… 22
(a) 空氣中接收強度試驗 ……………………………………… 22
(b) 水中接收強度試驗 ……………………………………… 22
(c) 水中接收校正與強度試驗 …………………………… 25
(d) 水槽活體標識放流試驗 ………………………………… 25
2.1.2 黃鰭鮪的標識與放流 ……………………………………… 26
(a) 植入式標識法 …………………………………………… 26
(b) 繫附式標識法 …………………………………………… 27
2.2 儀器的設置 ………………………………………………… 30
2.3 數據分析 ……………………………………………………… 36
2.3.1 集群分析 ………………………………………………… 36
2.3.2 主成分分析與多向度量度法……………………………… 36
第三章、研究結果……………………………………………………… 39
3.1 台灣西南海域水文資料實測 ………………………………… 39
3.1.1 海溫與鹽度結果 ……………………………………… 39
3.1.2 流向與流速實測結果 ………………………………… 39
3.2 黃鰭鮪標識放流數據蒐得結果 ……………………………… 43
3.3 標識放流在台灣地區的情況與額外訊號的獲得 …………… 54
3.4 黃鰭鮪在中層人工浮魚礁區的垂直型洄游情形分析 ……… 58
3.5 黃鰭鮪在浮魚礁區的水平洄游情形 ………………………… 78
第四章、討論 ……………………………………………………… 85
4.1 黃鰭鮪垂直洄游行為探討 ………………………………… 86

4.2 黃鰭鮪水平洄游行為探討 ………………………………… 90
4.3 未來展望 ……………………………………………………… 96
參考文獻……………………………………………………………… 99


 
圖目錄
圖 1-1 2004 年台灣延繩釣全洋區黃鰭鮪漁區分佈示意圖…………… 3
圖 1-2 三大洋遠洋鮪釣漁業主漁獲魚種歷年(1994∼2004) 漁獲量變化 ………………………………………………………………… 4
圖 1-3 世界地區人工浮魚礁設置點與捕魚區 ………………………… 8
圖 1-4 台灣地區西南海域與東部的中層人工浮魚礁區曳繩釣年統計分布 ……………………………………………………………… 10
圖 1-5 黃鰭鮪幼魚照片 ………………………………………………… 12
圖 1-6 2005年 台灣西南海域中層人工浮魚礁月別單位漁獲努力量… 14
圖 1-7 2004年台灣西南海域中層人工浮魚礁區每月體長別之漁獲體長頻度分佈 ……………………………………………………… 15
圖 1-8 全文架構 ………………………………………………………… 18
圖 2-1 (a) Vemco, Model VP 9 實照 ……………………………………… 23
圖 2-1 (b) Vemco, Model VR 2 實照 ……………………………………… 23
圖 2-2 前置作業測試流程 ……………………………………………… 24
圖 2-3 標準植入式標示法 ……………………………………………… 28
圖 2-4 繫附式標示法實照 ……………………………………………… 29
圖 2-5 台灣西南海域理想Vemco標識放流儀器設置位置 ………… 31
圖 2-6 Vemco 水下接收測站佈設圖 …………………………………… 32
圖 2-7 Vemco VR2 儀器設置圖 ……………………………………… 33
圖 2-8 水流流向方向圖 ………………………………………………… 35
圖 3-1 台灣西南海域中層人工浮魚礁設置區域8月溫度與鹽度……… 40
圖 3-2 台灣西南海域中層人工浮魚礁設置區域9月溫度與鹽度……… 41
圖 3-3 9月15~16日ADPC實測台灣西南海域中層人工浮魚礁區流向與流速強度 ……………………………………………………… 42
圖 3-4 標識放流的黃鰭鮪(YF1~YF9)在中層浮魚礁區停留時間統計… 45
圖 3-5 黃鰭鮪在人工浮魚礁中心位置標識放流的情況……………… 46
圖 3-6 黃鰭鮪YF4 15-Sept~17-Sept 在中層人工浮魚礁區A、B、C三測站洄游情況記錄 …………………………………………… 48
圖 3-7 黃鰭鮪YF5 9月09日 在中層人工浮魚礁區A、B、C三測站洄游情況記錄…………………………………………………… 49
圖 3-8 黃鰭鮪YF6 9月12~14日 在中層人工浮魚礁區A、B、C三測站洄游情況記錄 ……………………………………………… 51
圖 3-9 黃鰭鮪YF6 9月15~17日 在中層人工浮魚礁區A、B、C三測站洄游情況記錄 ……………………………………………… 52
圖 3-10 黃鰭鮪YF6 9月18~20日 在中層人工浮魚礁區A、B、C三測站洄游情況記錄 ……………………………………………… 53
圖 3-11 黃鰭鮪YF9 9月13~14日 在中層人工浮魚礁區A、B、C三測站洄游情況記錄……………………………………………… 55
圖 3-12 8月份(8月01~03日)有接收到訊號的黃鰭鮪YF2與YF3在魚礁中心(測站A)記錄情況 ……………………………………… 59
圖 3-13 9月份有接收到訊號(大於5小時)的黃鰭鮪 …………………… 60
圖 3-14 黃鰭鮪YF2 在每個小時內的上浮記錄，半徑為黃鰭鮪在中層人工浮魚礁中心(測站A)停留期間上浮至20m水深以淺累計次數 ………………………………………………………………… 61
圖 3-15 黃鰭鮪YF6 在每個小時內的上浮記錄，半徑為黃鰭鮪在中層人工浮魚礁中心(測站A)停留期間上浮至20m水深以淺累計次數 ………………………………………………………………… 62
圖 3-16 黃鰭鮪YF4 在每個小時內的上浮記錄，半徑為黃鰭鮪在中層人工浮魚礁中心(測站A)停留期間上浮至20m水深以淺累計次數 ………………………………………………………………… 63
圖 3-17 黃鰭鮪YF9 在每個小時內的上浮記錄，半徑為黃鰭鮪在中層人工浮魚礁中心(測站A)停留期間上浮至20m水深以淺累計次數 ………………………………………………………………… 65
圖 3-18 黃鰭鮪洄游水深深度差異集群分析 …………………………… 66
圖 3-19 利用主成分分析(PCA)研究黃鰭鮪在中層浮魚礁區洄游模式… 69
圖 3-20 全數據相似度樹狀集群分析 …………………………………… 70
圖 3-21 黃鰭鮪YF4在台灣中層浮魚礁停留期間日、夜棲息水深分布對照 ………………………………………………………………… 72
圖 3-22 利用主成分分析比較黃鰭鮪YF4在中層人工浮魚礁區洄游情況 ………………………………………………………………… 73
圖 3-23 利用主成分分析方式(PCA)分析黃鰭鮪YF6在中層人工浮魚礁區洄游情況 ……………………………………………………… 75
圖 3-24 黃鰭鮪YF6 相似度集群分析 ………………………………… 76
圖 3-25 黃鰭鮪YF6在台灣中層浮魚礁停留期間日、夜棲息水深分布對照………………………………………………………………… 77
圖 3-26 黃鰭鮪YF 4在A、B、C 三測點在台灣西南海域中層人工浮魚礁區的洄游情形 ………………………………………………… 79
圖 3-27 黃鰭鮪YF6在A、B、C 三測點在台灣西南海域中層人工浮魚礁區的洄游情形 ………………………………………………… 80
圖 3-28 黃鰭鮪YF4 在A、B、C 三測點在台灣西南海域中層人工浮魚礁區的訊號強度 ………………………………………………… 82
圖 3-29 黃鰭鮪YF6 在A、B、C 三測點在台灣西南海域中層人工浮魚礁區的訊號強度 ………………………………………………… 83

圖 3-30 黃鰭鮪YF4、YF6在A、B、C三測站間移動軌跡路線圖 ………………………………………………………………… 84


 
表目錄
Table 3-1 黃鰭鮪個體資料與標識放流時間監測 ……………………… 44
Table 3-2 額外取得標識器編號與記錄 ………………………………… 57
Table 3-3 黃鰭鮪日夜深度分布百分比對照 …………………………… 67

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