鋁合金板經過輥軋後，板材內部會產生不均勻的殘留應力，導致板材產生缺陷如中間波浪、邊波浪等，拉伸矯直製程為改善板形的方法之一。本論文主要目的是希望藉由有限元素模擬分析拉伸矯直製程，對完軋鋁合金板的尺寸、較適拉伸率、殘留應力消除率能有所了解。
本論文利用MSC.Marc有限元素法軟體進行模擬，模擬具有一個橢圓形且長軸平行板長方向之中間波浪缺陷的長方形完軋鋁合金板拉伸矯直製程，改變拉伸率和輥軋完的鋁合金板殘留應力分佈及大小，探討經拉伸矯直後的殘留應力消除率和鋁合金板平坦度，接著利用田口法與改變板材與波浪之間尺寸比例，探討影響殘留應力消除率的主要因子。
研究結果顯示當拉伸率從1.0%增至1.5%時，平坦度從64.2%提升到56.1%，而平均殘留應力消除率在波浪區從87.84%提升到92.33%、在平板區從80.86%提升到82.73%，而影響波浪區的殘留應力消率的主要因子為波浪寬與鋁板寬之比值。

If an aluminum alloy plate exhibits uneven residual stress distributions inside the plate after rolling, defects such as middle and edge waves can be induced. A leveling process can be used to improve plate flatness. By using the finite-element method and the tension leveling process, the objective of this study was to obtain the final dimensions, appropriate tensile ratio, and residual stress-elimination ratio of aluminum-alloy plates.
This study used MSC Marc finite-element method software to conduct simulations. A model was simulated of elliptical and long axes that were parallel to the plate-length direction of plates, containing middle waves that were subjected to tension leveling was. This paper discusses flatness improvements and the effects on the variations of the tensile ratio, residual stress-elimination ratio, and residual-stress magnitudes after rolling the aluminum-alloy plates by using residual-stress distribution and the leveling process. The Taguchi method of varying scale dimensions was used on the plates containing middle waves. The principal factors that affected the wave-elimination ratio were also discussed.
The simulated results showed that when the tensile ratio increased from 1.0% to 1.5%, flatness increased from 56.1% to 64.2%, the average residual stress in the wave-elimination rate increased from 87.84% to 92.33%, and the residual stress in the plate-elimination rate increased from 80.86% to 82.73%. The principal factor of the effects on the wave-elimination rate was the ratio of the wave-to-aluminum widths.

論文審定書 i
誌 謝 ii
摘 要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 xi
第 一 章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 1
1.3 文獻回顧 2
1.3.1 輥軋結果 2
1.3.2 輥軋矯直 4
1.3.3 拉伸探討 6
1.4 本文架構 7
第 二 章 研究方法 15
2.1 有限元素法 15
2.2 MSC. Marc軟體介紹 15
2.3 定義單元模型 16
2.4 定義材料性質 16
2.5 建立實體模型及劃分網格 17
2.6 定義接觸面 18
2.7 約束、加載和初始條件定義 18
2.7.1 假設條件 18
2.7.2 邊界條件 19
2.7.3 初始條件 19
2.8 求解設定及求解 22
2.9 求解中途退出原因 22
2.10 後處理 23
第 三 章 結果與討論 37
3.1 模擬結果分析 37
3.2 矯直後的鋁板合金變形變化 37
3.3 矯直後的鋁板殘留應力變化 38
3.4 殘留應力消除率算法 40
3.5 中間波浪拉伸率與殘留應力消除率之關係 41
3.5.1 拉伸率與殘留應力消除率之關係 41
3.5.2 殘留應力結果之討論 42
3.6 不同尺寸鋁板的殘留應力消除率對拉伸率之影響 43
3.6.1 田口方法實驗設計 43
3.6.2 改變尺寸對中波影響之最適拉伸率結果討論 44
3.6.3 中間波浪板最佳反應因子 45
第 四 章 結論與未來展望 99
4.1 結論 99
4.2 未來展望 100
參考文獻 101

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