現今全球皆在關注能源危機的議題，並積極的尋找、開發新興能源，其中燃料電池為眾多新興能源中，被認為極具潛力的一種。在所有燃料電池種類中，又以質子交換膜燃料電池最具商業價值，然而許多研究皆著重在以化學方式改善效率上，鮮少探討結構變形對效率的影響。
本研究主要目的是以有限元素法建立三維之完整質子交換膜燃料電池模型，探討質子交換膜燃料電池在實際操作條件下，因內部生成熱及螺栓鎖緊壓力造成之變形，進一步分析螺栓鎖緊壓力變化、流道截面設計以及流道轉角處導圓角不同設計等，對質子交換膜燃料電池結構變形以及氣體擴散層壓縮率變化和流道侵入率之影響。
研究結果顯示，質子交換膜燃料電池因螺栓鎖緊壓力產生之變形不可忽略，且流道板與氣體擴散層所受之平均等效應力會隨著鎖緊壓力上升跟著線性上升，並在流道出口或入口處產生最大等效應力；隨著螺栓鎖緊壓力上升，氣體擴散層之壓縮率也跟著非線性上升，使得質子交換膜燃料電池之效率也跟著上升，但當螺栓鎖緊壓力達7 MPa時，氣體擴散層之壓縮率超過15%，會使電池效率下降；流道侵入量會隨著螺栓鎖緊壓力上升成線性上升，當螺栓鎖緊壓力為6 MPa時，流道截面積僅剩原本之92.54%，降低電池效率。在流道截面設計部分，當螺栓鎖緊壓力為6 MPa，若將流道截面積提升27%，可使反應物質之流量提升17.42%，增加效率。

Energy crisis is a global issue, and many countries are eager to search or develop new energy resources. Fuel cell is one potential energy resource of new energy resources. In all kinds of fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the most profitable one. However, many researches were focus on improving efficiency through chemical reactions, and rarely discussed the effect of structural deformations on efficiency.
The purpose of this research was to build up a three dimensional and full PEMFC model through finite element method (FEM), and to investigate deformations caused by internal heat and bolt pre-loading under real operating condition. Furthermore, effects of variations of bolt pre-loadings, flow channel cross-sectional area designs and flow channel fillets on deformations of PEMFC, compression ratio of gas diffusion layers and intrusion rate of flow channels were studied.
The results showed that deformation of PEMFC caused by bolt pre-loading could not be ignored, and average equivalent stress of graphite plates and gas diffusion layers increased linearly with increasing bolt pre-loadings which generated maximum equivalent stress at inlet or outlet of flow channels. With increasing bolt pre-loadings, compression ratio of gas diffusion layer increased linearly, and thus increased the efficiency of PEMFC. However, when bolt pre-loading reached 7 MPa, compression ratio of gas diffusion layer exceeded 15% and degraded the efficiency. The intrusion rate of flow channels increased non-linearly with increasing bolt pre-loading. When bolt pre-loading was 6 MPa, the cross-sectional area of flow channels was 92.54% of its original state and decreased the efficiency. In part of flow channel cross-sectional area designs, when bolt pre-loading was 6 MPa and if cross-sectional area increased 27%, the flow rate of reactants could be promoted 17.42%, and the fuel cell efficiency can be improved also.

誌 謝 i
摘 要 ii
Abstract iii
目 錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 燃料電池簡介 2
1.3 文獻回顧 4
1.3.1 質子交換膜燃料電池操作溫度之模擬 4
1.3.2 組裝壓力對質子交換膜燃料電池效率之影響 5
1.3.3 質子交換膜燃料電池濕-熱應力之模擬 7
1.3.4 流道板設計對質子交換膜燃料電池之影響 7
1.4 研究動機與目的 8
1.5 全文架構 9
第二章 基礎理論簡介 21
2.1 有限元素法簡介 21
2.2 套裝軟體ANSYS 15.0/Workbench簡介 22
2.2.1 大/小變形理論 24
2.2.2 螺栓預緊力(Bolt Pretension) 24
2.3 基礎熱傳原理 24
2.3.1 熱傳導 25
2.3.2 熱對流 25
2.3.3 熱輻射 26
2.4 基礎熱變形原理 27
第三章 研究方法 35
3.1 研究流程 35
3.2 基本假設 36
3.3模型之建立與設定 36
3.3.1 模型材料與元素選用 36
3.3.2 模型結構與尺寸 37
3.3.3 材料參數 37
3.3.4 網格劃分方式 38
3.3.5 邊界條件、負載設定及接觸形式 38
3.3.6 收斂性分析 39
3.3.6.1 網格收斂性分析 39
3.3.6.2 溫度求解步階收斂性分析 40
3.3.6.3 螺栓鎖緊壓力求解步階數與時間收斂性分析 40
3.4 忽略反應物質輸入溫度對電池溫度分布影響之驗證 41
3.4.1簡化模型建立與反應物質在高流量時之溫度分布模擬驗證 41
3.4.2 利用Fluent 15.0比較低流量與無流量時之溫度分布差異 42
3.4.3 比較ANSYS模擬電池溫度分布與Fluent 15.0之差異 43
第四章 結果與討論 54
4.1 螺栓鎖緊壓力對燃料電池效率之影響 54
4.1.1 螺栓鎖緊壓力對氣體擴散層壓縮率之影響 56
4.1.2 螺栓鎖緊壓力對流道侵入率之影響 56
4.2 流道截面設計對燃料電池效率之影響 58
4.2.1 流道截面設計對氣體擴散層壓縮率之影響 59
4.2.2 流道截面設計對流道侵入率之影響 59
4.3 流道轉角處導圓角對燃料電池效率之影響 61
4.3.1 流道轉角處導圓角對氣體擴散層壓縮率之影響 62
4.3.2 流道轉角處導圓角對流道侵入率之影響 63
第五章 結論與未來展望 97
5.1 結論 97
5.2 未來展望 98
參考文獻 99

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