摘 要

本研究應用氣相層析質譜（GC/MS）的技術，分析日月潭湖泊沉積物中的生物指標，來探討在沉積物中的分佈及意義。由不同深度下，沉積物所含生物指標的變化，可了解環境及氣候變遷的情形。
由於日月潭地處山區，受人為的干擾較少；此外此區域受大陸和太平洋板塊擠壓的作用，地殼變遷激烈，因此湖泊中的沉積物可以清楚的記載了台灣中部山區的氣候變遷及生態生長的情形。
分析的結果發現存在於日月潭湖泊近代沉積物中的生物指標包括了正烷烴，類帖烴及各類含官能基的化合物，如甲基酮，甲基酯，脂肪酸及脂肪醇等。由不同深度下發現這些生物指標間均有些微的變化，引起這些變化的原因可能源自氣候的改變，植物及藻類生長環境的不同，人為的污染及微生物的合成或降解作用等，而導致生物指標的分佈不同。
整個日月潭沉積物中，正烷烴的分佈範圍由n-C15~n-C35，其中以C27、C29、C31的含量最高，此為陸生高等植物有機質的特徵。源自藻類及浮游生物的n-C17及支鏈狀烷烴的相對含量較少。在霍烷類的分佈中，大部份為四環類的類帖烷，此來源可能來自被子植物的沉積物；由des-A-lupane，C24-triterpane，及C25-triterpane等化合物的發現，在沉積物均有明顯的生物合成或降解作用。由長鏈狀甲基酮及甲基酯的分佈，可能意謂著在較表層的沉積物中微生物作用的情形並不是十分的完全。由脂肪酸的分佈中可觀察出整個湖泊的沉積物大部份可能來自湖泊中本身所生長的藻類及浮游生物，而陸生高等植物的沉積物可能是來自湖泊週遭的產物，經由雨水或河流的沖刷而到湖泊底進行沉積。

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目 錄

論文摘要……………………………………………..I
目 錄…………………………………………... III
圖 目 錄…………………………………………….V
表 目 錄…………………………………………..VII
壹、 緒 論………………………………..1
一、 前言…………………………….……….1
近代生物指標的種類…………..….……….4
1. 長鏈狀甲基酮………………..………..4
2. 甲基酯………………………..……..…4
3. 醇類…………………………..………..5
4. 脂肪酸………………………..………..6
二、 生物指標的種類…………………………7
1. 正烷烴(n-alkane)……………………….7
2. 非環狀類異戊烷(Acyclic Isoprenoid)....10
3. 雙環類半三帖烷(Bicyclic Sesquiterpane)13
4. 三環類帖烷(Tricyclic Terpane)………..14
5. 四環類帖烷(Tetracyclic Terpane)………16
6. 五環類三帖烷(Pentacyclic Triterpane).18
7. 類固烷(Sterane)………………………….21
三、 研究目的…………………………….24
貳、 實驗步驟………………………………….25
一、 化學試劑…………………………….25
二、 樣品………………………………….26
三、 Lipid的分析………………………...26
1. 索式萃取法萃取脂質..………………27
2. 管柱液相層析法分離萃取物…..……27
3. 氣相層析質譜儀鑑定 free lipids……30
參、 結果與討論……………………………...35
一、 F1正烷烴分析結果..…………………...35
二、 霍 烷……………………………………....47
三、 霍烯類……………………………………....63
四、 甲基酮……………………………………....70
五、 甲基酯……………………………………....80
六、 醇 類……………………………………....84
七、 脂肪酸……………………………………....89
肆、 結 論……………………………… ……98
伍、 參考資料……………………………………99

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