本論文主要探討池沸騰熱傳在工業上的運用，就目前要準確的預測其熱傳係數卻相當困難。原因是池沸騰之核化沸騰熱傳現象相當複雜，且其熱傳係數會隨著加熱表面之表面情況、幾何形狀大小、材料、排列及工作液體之不同而有所變化。而在這些不同的加熱表面下，沸騰時氣泡脫離半徑（departure diameter）、頻率（frequency）、速度（velocity）及加熱表面之有效核蕊密度（active nucleation site density）等參數（bubble dynamics data）會有所不同，因此會造成不同之熱傳效果。為了在不增加熱傳面積前題提升熱傳效率，將對上述所提影響核化沸騰之參數進行更深入的探討。在實驗工作液體有R-134a及R-600a，測試管有平滑管與以電漿塗佈（plasma spraying）來改變加熱表面之材料及表面情況。分析測試管幾何形狀及不同表面情況對核化沸騰熱傳之影響；並利用高速之攝影設備拍攝與配合LDV量測，了解在各種測試管在沸騰之情況下氣泡生成之情形，以期瞭解熱傳增強表面在R-600a及R-134a 兩種冷媒之沸騰傳熱機制。依據實驗結果，可尋求出不同狀況下的沸騰曲線，與氣泡速度對熱傳係數的影響。並在不同冷媒性質、測試管與熱傳係數關係建立一經驗公式。目標希望能夠找出熱傳效果最好之增強表面，以提供設計高性能滿溢式(flooded type)冰水機之參考；對核化沸騰之熱傳現象有全盤且更深入之了解，以建立完整之學理基礎，提供學術界作為參考。

Pool boiling process is frequently encountered in a number of engineering applications. It is difficult to exactly predict the heat transfer coefficient. This is because the boiling phenomenon is rather complex and influenced by many factors, such as surface condition, heater size, geometry, material, arrangement of heated rods, and refrigerants, etc. The key boiling parameters (bubble dynamics data) such as bubble departure diameter, frequency, velocity and nucleation site density will be varied in such different heated surface resulting in the different effect of heat transfer. Furthermore, more fundamental of the physical phenomenon can be obtained. This study was performed experimentally. R-134a and R-600a were used as refrigerants. The surface condition will be changed with plasma spray coating. It is expected that the surface condition can affect the nucleate boiling heat transfer in certain degree. In addition, using the high speed digital vide camera and LDV to measure the bubble diameter and dynamics of R-600a and R-134a while growing. According of the results of experiments. The boiling curves in different situation were drawn and the influences of heat transfer coefficients by bubble velocity was also examinate. Finally, to broaden our basic understanding of different characteristics of refrigeration surface condition and heat transfer coefficient, thermal design data of a flooded type evaporator of high performance as well as more and further physical insight of the above-stated nucleate boiling heat transfer can be acquired. The results will hopefully be helpful not only for the academia but for the industry.

目 錄
頁 次
目錄 i
圖目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
符號說明 vii
中文摘要 x
英文摘要 xi

第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 背景與目的 2
1-3 文獻回顧 5
1-4 研究範圍 9

第二章 實驗系統設備 10
2-1 加熱系統 10
2-2 測試容器 10
2-3 LDV系統 12
2-4 凝結器 15

第三章 實驗方法及步驟 15
3-1 實驗方法 15
3-1-1 測試管製作 15
3-1-2 控制測試管之熱通量 15
3-1-3 固定系統之飽和狀態 15
3-1-4 SEM觀測 16
3-1-5 LDV量測與照相 16
3-2 實驗步驟 16
3-2-1 清洗 16
3-2-2 測漏 17
3-2-3 LDV系統之校正 17
3-2-4 進行實驗 17
3-2-5 數據處理 18

第四章 理論分析與數據處理 19

第五章 誤差分析 21

第六章 結果與討論 23
6-1 沸騰曲線與磁滯現象 23
6-2 熱傳效率 24
6-3 測試管表面特徵觀測與量測 25
6-4 氣泡成長與上升速度 26
6-5 氣泡直徑與頻率 27
6-6 氣泡上升速度經驗公式 28
6-7 熱傳增強管經驗公式 28
第七章 結論與建議 54
7-1 結論 54
7-2 建議 55

參考文獻 56

附錄A 61


圖 目 錄

頁次
圖2-1 雷射測試系統示意圖 13
圖2-2 測試加熱管之截面示意圖 14
圖6-1 沸騰曲線圖 32
圖6-2 熱傳係數圖 33
圖6-3 SEM觀測結果圖 34
圖6-4 氣泡速度與高度關係圖 35
圖6-5 氣泡速度與氣泡直徑關係圖 36
圖6-6 氣泡脫離直徑與熱通量關係圖 37
圖6-7 氣泡頻率與熱通量關係圖 38
圖6-8 氣泡直徑與氣泡頻率關係圖 39
圖6-9 氣泡上升速度經驗公式圖 40
圖6-10 熱傳增強管熱傳經驗公式圖 41
圖6-11 平滑管在R-134a的氣泡影像圖 42
圖6-12 平滑管在R-134a的氣泡影像圖(續) 43
圖6-13 塗佈鉬管在R-134a的氣泡影像圖 44
圖6-14 塗佈鉬管在R-134a的氣泡影像圖(續) 45
圖6-15 塗佈銅管在R-134a的氣泡影像圖 46
圖6-16 塗佈銅管在R-134a的氣泡影像圖(續) 47
圖6-17 平滑管在R-600a的氣泡影像圖 48
圖6-18 平滑管在R-600a的氣泡影像圖(續) 49
圖6-19 塗佈鉬管在R-600a的氣泡影像圖 50
圖6-20 塗佈鉬管在R-600a的氣泡影像圖(續) 51
圖6-21 塗佈銅管在R-600a的氣泡影像圖 52
圖6-22 塗佈銅管在R-600a的氣泡影像圖(續) 53

表 目 錄

頁次
表5-1 參數及變數誤差值 22
表6-1 冷媒性質 29
表6-2 測試管種類與表面性質測量 30
表6-3 氣泡平均直徑與平均速度比較 31

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