摘要
南海是世界上最大的邊緣海，而台灣海峽是連通南海與東海的主要橋樑。本研究分別於在南海、台灣海峽台灣高屏溪外海及其鄰近海域採集顆粒態有機碳及氮(POC及PON)，以及溶解態有機氮及磷(DON及DOP)樣品進行分析。用以瞭解有機物在海水中的分佈，以及其生地化過程。
南海中DON濃度介於1.2－9.9 mMN之間，DOP濃度介於0.04－0.21 mMP之間。表水DON濃度最高值出現在南海北部海域，其次是中部，再其次是南部。隨著離岸遠近而有所改變，但DOP濃度分佈並卻無很大差異。DON與DOP濃度隨著深度而慢慢遞減，之後在底部DON濃度增加，推測是由底層沈積物再懸浮作用影響。因DOP比DON較快被分解，所以DOP濃度極大值出現處較DON為淺。在南海深度500公尺以上由DON與DOP分解對營養鹽之貢獻為11 %及2 %。南海之POC濃度介於1.06－2.84 mMC之間，PON濃度介於0.07－0.36 mMN之間。PON分佈與POC極為相似，二者之間有一顯著關係存在(R=0.97)，極大值出現在表水，隨深度增加而減少，兩者底層皆有高值存在，可能是為底部沈積物再懸浮的現象。透光層中PON/POC之間的斜率為0.138，與Redfield ratio約為0.15相當接近。
在台灣海峽與台灣鄰近海域中，有機質來源受陸源影響大，致使有機質濃度偏高，並隨著離岸距離而減少。DON、DOP、POC及PON的濃度範圍分別為0.06－59.6 mMN、0.01－1.29 mMP、3.80－57.1 mMC及0.19－3.4 mMN。另外利用一維對流擴散模式來估計DIN及DIP生產率和DON及DOP消耗率。900公尺至2500公尺的DIN及DIP生產率和DON及DOP消耗率約為0.036、0.006、0.021及0.002 mmol/kg/yr，湧升速率為45.6 m/yr。

Abstract
The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the world and connects with the East China Sea (ECS) through the Taiwan Strait (TS). This study investigates the distribution and biogeochemical behavior of both particulate and dissolved organic matter in the SCS and the TS based on samples collected on several cruises of the R/V Ocean Researchers I and III. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIN and DIP), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON) as well as dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus (DON and DOP) concentrations were determined. Concentrations of DON and DOP in the SCS are in the range of 1.2-9.9 mMN and 0.04-0.21 mMP, respectively. The surface DON concentration is the highest in the northern SCS, whereas it is the lowest in the southern part. The DOP does not show a similar trend. DON and DOP concentrations all decrease with depth but increase slightly near the bottom, perhaps on account of sediment resuspension. Because of the preferential degradation of DOP over DON, the maximum concentration of DOP appears at a shallower depth than that of DON. Approximately 11 % and 2 % of DIN and DIP respectively are attributed to the degradation of DON and DOP above 500 m in the SCS. Concentrations of POC and PON in the SCS are in the range of 1.06-2.84 mMC and 0.07-0.36 mMN, respectively. The distributions of POC and PON show similar patterns with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. The concentrations of these are the highest at the surface layer, decrease with depth, but then increase slightly near the bottom, perhaps again because of resuspension of the bottom sediments. The ratio of PON/POC is 0.138 in the euphotic zone, a value close to the Redfield ratio of 0.15.
In the TS and the adjacent coastal zones, the effect of terrestrial input is obvious and results in higher POC, PON, DON and DOP nearshore. Ranges of these concentrations are 0.06-59.6 mMN, 0.01-1.29 mMP, 3.80-57.1 mMC and 0.19-3.4 mMN, respectively.
There was an attempt to use the one-dimensional diffusion-advection model to estimate the DIN and DIP production rates and the DON and DOP consumption rates over the depth range of 900-2500 m. These values are, respectively, 0.036, 0.006, 0.021 and 0.002 mmol/kg/yr.

致謝----------------------------------------------------------------------I
中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------II
英文摘要 -----------------------------------------------------------------III
目 錄---------------------------------------------------------------------V
圖目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------VII
表目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------IX
第一章前言----------------------------------------------------------------1
第二章研究材料與方法------------------------------------------------------9
2.1 研究材料-------------------------------------------------------------9
2.2 研究方法-----------------------------------------------------------14
2.2.1 總有機質測定-------------------------------------------------14
2.2.2 顆粒態有機碳和氮之測定----------------------------------15
2.2.3 溶解態有機氮之測定----------------------------------------16
2.2.4 溶解態有機磷之測定----------------------------------------18
2.2.5 葉綠素甲(chlorophyll a)之測定----------------------------21
第三章結果與討論-----------------------------------------------------------23
3.1 各航次水文特徵---------------------------------------------------23
3.1.1 OR1-546航次水文描述-------------------------------------23
3.1.2 OR3-551航次水文描述-------------------------------------26
3.1.3 OR3-560航次水文描述-------------------------------------26
3.1.4 OR3-632航次水文描述-------------------------------------33
3.2 南海海域溶解態氮及磷與顆粒態碳及氮之分佈-----------36
3.2.1 溶解態氮之分佈----------------------------------------------36
3.2.2 溶解態磷之分佈----------------------------------------------41
3.2.3 顆粒態碳之分佈----------------------------------------------43
3.2.4 顆粒態氮之分佈----------------------------------------------45
3.2.5 溶解態氮和磷之比值分佈----------------------------------50
3.2.6 顆粒態碳和氮之比值分佈----------------------------------50
3.3 台灣海峽溶解態氮及磷與顆粒態碳及氮之分佈-----------54
3.3.1 溶解態氮之分佈----------------------------------------------54
3.3.2 溶解態磷之分佈----------------------------------------------54
3.3.3 顆粒態碳之分佈----------------------------------------------58
3.3.4 顆粒態氮之分佈----------------------------------------------62
3.3.5 溶解態氮和磷之比值分佈----------------------------------67
3.3.6 顆粒態碳和氮之比值分佈----------------------------------67
3.4 南海、台灣海峽及南灣各化學參數之比較------------------69
3.5 一維對流-擴散模式----------------------------------------------72
3.5.1 用一維對流-擴散模式算DIN, DIP, DON及DOP之生產與消耗率-------73
第四章、結論---------------------------------------------------------83
參考文獻-------------------------------------------------------------84
附錄一、標準樣品之TC及TN濃度與檢量線圖-------------------------92
附錄二、各航次各個化學參數之濃度資料-------------------------------95
附錄三、南灣海域溶解態氮及磷與顆粒態碳及氮之分佈------------102
附錄四、利用南海的質量平衡，試計算能量是否平衡-----------------119

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