高分子材料製作光致電電池(photovoltaic cell，PV cell)是利用材料本身吸收光子後產生激子，利用電子、電洞的分離產生光致電的效應；高分子發光二極體(polymer light emitting diode，PLED)則是利用陽極和陰極將電子、電洞注入發光層中，其中部分電子、電洞進行再結合而發光。
本研究主要是以poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO)的雜環芳香族全共軛硬桿式高分子作為主要的光電作用層材料，並且利用一種導電性高分子材料
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS)做為電洞傳輸層，其中元件以氧化銦錫(ITO)當陽極，鋁金屬當陰極，製作光致電電池(PV cell)，並且利用此一結構做高分子發光二極體(PLED)，針對上述兩種元件，進行電性和光性的量測。
實驗中證明了在元件間加入PEDOT:PSS層後有利於電子、電洞在PBO和PEDOT:PSS的界面分離，使元件有光致電電池(PV cell)的效應；在陰極適當的加入LiF層可減少PBO和鋁陰極間的能階差距，有助於電子的傳導，可以提升光致電電池(PV cell)和高分子發光二極體(PLED)的效能。
在塗佈PBO時，發現PBO成膜會產生不均勻的狀況，由實驗中可知PBO薄膜成膜的好壞會造成發光強度的差距，因此PBO在元件上成膜的好壞將大大地影響發光元件的表現。當加入PEDOT:PSS時將有助於改善ITO和PBO之間的接觸界面，其厚度的決定可由觀察ITO的表面粗操度來決定，藉由PEDOT:PSS層可改善元件在光致電電池(PV cell)和高分子發光二極體(PLED)上的光、電效能。

Polymer photovoltaic cell (PV cell) utilizes a polymer to absorb photons for generating excitons. When excitons are separated into electrons and holes, the device has the photovoltaic effect. Polymer light emitting diode (PLED) injects electrons and holes respectively from cathode and anode into a polymer emission layer. Some of the electrons and the holes would recombine to induce light emission.
This research used a heterocyclic aromatic rigid-rod polymer poly-p-phenylene- benzobisoxazole (PBO) as the opto-electronic layer, and a conducting material of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) as the hole transport layer. PV cells were fabricated using indium-tin-oxide (ITO) as anode and aluminium as cathode. Same layer arrangement was applied for PLEDs. These two kinds of devices were measured for electrical and optical response.
It was evidenced that the addition of PEDOT:PSS layer facilitated the separation of excitons into electrons and holes at the PBO/PEDOT:PSS interface. Insertion of a LiF layer between PBO layer and Al cathode reduced their energy band gap and facilitated charge transport leading to an enhanced efficiency for PV cells and PLEDs.
Thickness variations were found on spun PBO layer. According to emission intensity, we knew that the PBO layer quality was significant for electroluminescence. Introduction of a PEDOT:PSS layer improved the interface between ITO and PBO. The thickness of PEDOT:PSS layer depended on the ITO surface roughness. With a PEDOT:PSS layer, the opto-electronic efficiency of PV cell and PLED was improved.

圖目錄 IV
表目錄 VII

一、緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機 2
二、原理與實驗 3
2-1 元件結構 3
2-1-1 單層結構 3
2-1-2 多層結構 4
2-2 元件材料 4
2-2-1 陽極(Anode) 4
2-2-2 陰極(Cathode) 6
2-2-3 PBX硬桿式共軛高分子 7
2-2-4 PEDOT:PSS電洞傳導層 8
2-2-5 氟化鋰(LiF) 9
2-2-6 小分子染料(Alq3) 9
2-3 應用原理 10
2-3-1 光致電電池(PV cell) 10
2-3-2 載子傳導機制 11
2-3-3 能帶理論(Energy Band Theory) 13
2-3-4 螢光理論(Luminescence Theory) 14
2-4 實驗設備 16
2-4-1 旋轉塗佈機(Spin Coater) 16
2-4-2 真空熱蒸鍍機(Vacuum Thermal Evaporator) 17
2-4-3 電性量測：Keithley® 2400之應用 18
2-4-4 電致光(Electroluminescence，EL)光譜量測 19
2-4-5 掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope，SEM) 19
2-4-6 紫外光-可見光吸收光譜(UV-Vis Absorption Spectrum) 20
2-4-7 原子力顯微鏡(Atomic Force Microscope，AFM) 21
三、實驗內容 23
3-1 元件的製備 23
3-1-1 高分子溶液配製 26
3-1-2 清洗ITO玻璃 27
3-1-3 旋轉塗佈製備薄膜 27
3-1-4 PBO薄膜熱處理 27
3-1-5 熱蒸鍍 27
3-1-6 封裝量測光致電效應 28
3-2 元件量測 28
3-2-1 電性量測(J-V Curve) 28
3-2-2 電致光(EL)光譜 30
3-2-3 掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope，SEM)量測 30
3-2-4 紫外光-可見光吸收光譜(UV-Vis Absorption Spectrum)量測 31
3-2-5 原子力顯微鏡(Atomic Force Microscope，AFM)量測 31
四、結果與討論 32
4-1 PEDOT/PEDOT:PSS重量比 32
4-2 LiF厚度 37
4-3 加入Alq3層 41
4-4 封裝元件 44
4-5 電致光(EL)光譜 45
4-6 元件表面薄膜 52
4-6-1 薄膜好壞的發光比較 52
4-6-2 PBO薄膜成膜較好的元件光致電電池(PV cell)效應量測 57
4-7 不同的PEDOT:PSS厚度 57
五、結果與討論 65
六、參考文獻 67

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