高雄港是臺灣重要商港之一，位處東北亞與東南亞航運的樞紐上，因此有相當多的商船航道分佈在高雄港海域，複雜的航道也提高了港灣安全防護的困難度。為瞭解高雄港海域船舶航行的實際狀況，利用在岸邊架設的船舶自動識別系統(Automatic Identification System, AIS )接收器，獲得高雄港外2010年6月1日至2011年6月30日期間裝設有AIS的船舶資訊，並將蒐集的AIS資料進行解讀、轉檔、勘誤、匯整與分析，作為資料庫建立之基礎。而每艘船舶所發報的AIS訊息皆包含MMSI、船舶點位(經緯度)、船艏向、航向、航速等，透過上述船舶資訊進一步分析高雄港海域各類船舶於航道上交通活動的情況，並以網格量化船舶密度之方式，分析進出高雄港的主要航道位置及船舶分佈情況，由AIS提供的船位資訊可得知，高雄港海域船舶交通活動頻繁的主要航道有三條，分別為西北向航道、東西向航道與南北向航道，藉此由已知航道探討不明船舶航行在非主要航道或錨泊之調查，作為港灣安全防護的重要依據。AIS發展至今技術雖已相當成熟，卻仍有技術上無法彌補之缺點，如船舶關閉AIS使管理塔台接收不到船舶訊號，然而，船舶在運轉時會因動力引擎、轉動螺槳等發出聲響，因此利用聲波在水中具有良好的傳遞性質，提出以水下聲學技術偵測不明船舶可行之方法。本研究中建議使用海面噪音聲學模式(Acoustic Module for Sea-surface Noise, AMSN)，代入AIS所提供的船位資訊，模擬高雄港海域聲場分佈情況，並探討隨船舶密度的變化其噪音位準值變動之關係，最後藉由船舶噪音位準值異常的變動關係，做為判斷是否有不明船舶經過之依據，進而提升港口安全防護之層級。

Kaohsiung Harbor is one of the major commercial ports in Taiwan, located at the hub of northeastern and southeastern Asia shipping lanes. Therefore there are a considerable number of commercial shipping channels distributed around Kaohsiung Harbor. The security of Kaohsiung Harbor becomes more difficult to defense than others due to the complexity of channels. In this study, Automatic Identification System (AIS) system is used to collect the ships information from June 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011. The collected AIS data were decoded, converted, corrected, integrated and analyzed systematically, which will become the base of future database. The information of the AIS includes Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI), latitude and longitude, heading, course, speed, and others. The activities of ships can be monitored by AIS, so the density and distribution of ships on each major channel can be obtained by grid computing. By the results of one-year AIS data, three major shipping channels of Kaohsiung Harbor can be identified, which are north-western, north-southern, and east-western. Based on this kind of long term shipping statistics, possible novel harbor security defense may be founded. Although the AIS was designed to monitor the ship activities, but it can be viciously shut down, or signal is out of range sometimes, then it will become the possible security breach. Nevertheless, ships at sea will generate certain kind of noises, such as from engine and propeller. With efficient propagation of sound waves in water, acoustic technology may compensate the limitations of AIS, to be a feasible method of detecting unknown ships. In this study, acoustic modeling code “Acoustic Module for Sea-surface Noise” (AMSN) is applied by using the ship position information from AIS, to calculate the related underwater noise sound field of Kaohsiung Harbor. Discussions were made on the dependence of noise level variation with ship density. As a conclusion, with sufficient understanding of sound field statistics of harbor, any anomaly of noise level can be an indication of hostile intrusion, thus harbor security can be further assured.

論文審定書........................................................................................................................i
謝誌..................................................................................................................................iii
摘要..................................................................................................................................iv
Abstract..............................................................................................................................v
第一章 緒論................................................................................................................1　
1.1 港灣航運安全管理與防護技術...................................................................1
1.2 船舶噪音.......................................................................................................2
1.3 水下聲學與偵測技術...................................................................................7
1.4 研究目的.......................................................................................................9
第二章 資料蒐集及資料庫建立..............................................................................10
2.1 AIS介紹......................................................................................................10
2.2 軟硬體介紹.................................................................................................12
2.2.1 硬體介紹..........................................................................................12
2.2.2 軟體介紹..........................................................................................13
2.3 AIS資料格式..............................................................................................14
2.3.1 txt文字格式檔.................................................................................14
2.3.2 log文字格式檔................................................................................15
2.4 資料庫建立.................................................................................................17
2.4.1 數據分類..........................................................................................17
2.4.2 資料篩選..........................................................................................19
2.4.3 船舶無效點位剔除..........................................................................20
第三章 相關理論......................................................................................................21
3.1 統計分析.....................................................................................................21
3.1.1 基本統計..........................................................................................21
3.2 噪音位準.....................................................................................................23
3.3 聲學模式.....................................................................................................24
3.3.1 AMSN計算理論..............................................................................24
第四章 AIS數據分析............................................................................................ 27
4.1 船舶數量網格化.........................................................................................27
4.2 AIS有效接收距離......................................................................................29
4.3 高雄港航道位置.........................................................................................30
4.3.1 主要航道範圍..................................................................................32
4.3.2 主要航道範圍船舶數量分佈差異..................................................34
4.3.3 航道航行目的地..............................................................................34
4.4 進出高雄港之商船規格.............................................................................36
4.4.1 註冊國籍..........................................................................................36
4.4.2 巡航速度..........................................................................................38
4.4.3 船舶長度..........................................................................................40
第五章 AIS數據之聲學應用.................................................................................43
5.1 高雄港海域船舶噪音量測.........................................................................43
5.1.1 水下聲學量測儀器..........................................................................44
5.1.2 船舶噪音量測數據分析..................................................................44
5.1.3 噪音量測與AIS數據比較..............................................................47
5.2 水下聲學之模擬.........................................................................................49
5.2.1 AMSN之應用...................................................................................49
5.2.2 高雄海域船舶噪音之聲學模擬......................................................52
5.2.3 高雄海域船舶噪音位準之變動......................................................53
第六章 結論與建議..................................................................................................56
6.1 結論.............................................................................................................56
6.2 建議.............................................................................................................57
參考文獻......................................................................................................................58
附錄A..............................................................................................................................60

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