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博碩士論文 etd-0725105-204600 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0725105-204600
論文名稱
Title
台灣沿海溼地草澤之植群生態研究
Study on the Vegetation Ecology of Marsh at Coastal Wetlands in Taiwan
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
76
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2005-06-21
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2005-07-25
關鍵字
Keywords
鹽生草澤、草澤植物、草澤植群、溼地植物、沿海溼地
marsh vegetation, marsh plants, salt marsh, wetland plants, coastal wetlands
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5676 次,被下載 3908
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5676 times, has been downloaded 3908 times.
中文摘要
台灣島四面環海,因地形關係,沿海溼地多集中於西部海岸,東岸僅存在於少數幾條河川的出海口。沿海溼地為介於陸域與海域生態系統間的過渡地帶,環境受潮汐、季節的變動,使得植群分布呈一動態變化。
本研究為調查分析台灣沿海溼地草澤之植群組成分布與討論生育地環境概況。調查結果樣區內植物共50科173種,顯示沿海溼地草澤植物物種多樣性偏低,其中多為禾本科、菊科及莎草科的植物。若由物種來看,海雀稗及開卡蘆為沿海溼地草澤環境中優勢度最高的植物。
樣區及環境因子等數值資料使用降趨對應分析 (DCA) 及群團分析 (Cluster Analysis) 進行統計分析,可分為16種植群型,其中包含1亞型,另有一為過渡型。這些植群類型的生育地依其環境可分為五大類,分別為淡水-淡鹹水環境:大安水蓑衣型、木賊型、水生黍-巴拉草亞型、巴拉草亞型、蘆葦-甜根子草型、水燭型;淡鹹水-鹹水環境:海雀稗型、開卡蘆型;濕草地環境:海馬齒型、鹽地鼠尾粟型、海馬齒×鹽地鼠尾粟型、白茅型、狗牙根型、中華結縷草型;鹹水沼澤環境:雲林莞草型、單葉鹹草型、甘藻型;沉水環境:流蘇菜型。以上植群型大部分為單一優勢種的植物社會。
影響該區域的環境因子依次為土壤鹽分、水分含量及pH值。沿海溼地草澤植群分布受限於植物的最大耐鹽能力,大致上沿海岸往內陸、河口地區由海口往上游方向呈帶狀分布,或同時受到其他環境因子影響而呈鑲嵌狀分布。
草澤植群屬於不安定、仍在演變過程之發育期,而沿海溼地經常受到人為干擾,加劇環境的變動,使得過渡型更為普遍出現。目前面臨的人為開發壓力,為沿海溼地環境消失的主因,此一敏感的資源亟待保護。
Abstract
Taiwan is an island surrounded by sea. Due to the topography, the coastal wetlands distribute almost around the west seashore, and some at the estuary of the east seashore. The coastal wetland is a transitional area between territory ecosystem and marine ecosystem. The environment of the coastal wetland is influenced by tide and season, thus the distribution of vegetations here exhibits a dynamic equilibrium.
This study attempts to investigate the distribution and composition of the vegetation and the appearance of the habitat environment at the coastal wetland of Taiwan. According to the results, 173 species belonging to 50 families have been recorded. This indicates that the diversity of the marsh vegetation at the coastal wetland is low. Most of the species belong to Gramineae, Compositae and Cyperaceae. Paspalum vaginatum and Phragmites karka are the most dominant plant at coastal marsh environments.
According to the results of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and cluster analysis (CA), 16 vegetation types including one subtype and one transitional type are classified. The habitats of these vegetation types can be classified into five types, namely tidal fresh water marsh, fresh water-salt marsh, wet meadow, salt marsh and submerged environment. Most of these vegetation types have only one major dominant species.
The distribution of the marsh vegetation features a belting pattern, which is mainly limited by the maximum of their salt tolerance from coastal toward inland, or estuary toward headwaters. Subsequently, it can by influenced by soil moisture and pH value. Furthermore, the vegetations are influenced by many additional environmental factors, resulting in a mosaic distribution of vegetation types.
The marsh vegetation is processing at an unstable and developing period. Because the coastal wetland is seriously disturbed by human activities, the environmental variation becomes greater. Therefore, the transitional vegetations were observed frequently. Finally, the development pressure due to economic demand is the major cause that makes coastal wetland disappeared. It is urgently needed to protect this sensitive natural resource.
目次 Table of Contents
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 IV
表目錄 V
壹、前言 1
貳、前人研究 2
一、沿海溼地及草澤之特性 2
二、植群生態學研究 3
三、沿海溼地植群之研究 3
參、研究地區環境概述 5
一、地形 5
二、氣候 5
三、土壤 5
四、土地利用 6
五、各地溼地概況 6
肆、研究方法 9
一、資料蒐集及踏勘 9
二、取樣方法與樣區調查 9
三、土壤分析 10
四、資料統計與分析 11
(一) 原始資料彙整 11
(二) 植群分析方法 11
(三) 樣區分布圖 13
伍、結果 14
一、植物組成 14
二、植群分析 14
(一) 初步分析 14
(二) 分布序列 15
(三) 樣區分群 15
(四) 植群與環境因子關係 17
三、各型植群組成構造 18
四、各沿海溼地草澤分布情形及植群概況 23
陸、討論與建議 26
一、沿海溼地草澤植物組成之探討 26
二、草澤植群與環境因子關係之探討 26
三、沿海溼地草澤植群分類結果之探討 27
四、沿海溼地草澤之現況與建議 28
柒、結論 29
捌、引用文獻 59
附錄一 樣區地點及環境因子 62
附錄二 樣區植物名錄 64
參考文獻 References
Adam, P. 1990. Saltmarsh Ecology. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Beeftink, W. G. 1977. Salt marshes. In R. S. K. Barnes ed., The Coastline. pp. 8-37. Wiley, New York.
Chapman, V. J. 1960. Salt Marshes and Salt Deserts of the World. Interscience, New York.
Daubenmire, R. F. 1968. Plant Communities. A Textbook of Plant Autecology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
Dawes, C. J. 1981. Marine Botany. A Wiley - Interscience Publication, New York.
Federal Interagency Committee for Wetland Delineation. 1989. Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands. Cooperative Technical Publication, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and USDA Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.
Hsueh, M. L. 1998. Mangroves of Taiwan. In Huang, S., J. T. Shih and M. L. Hsueh (eds.), Mangroves of Taiwan. pp. 8-37. Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, Taiwan.
Kent, M., and P. Coker. 1992. Vegetation description and analysis, a practical approach. Belhaven Press, London, U.K.
Magdy, E.-B., A.-H. Khedr, P. V. Hecke, and J. Bogaert. 2002. Vegetation composition of a threatened hypersaline lake (Lake Bardawil) North Sinai. Plant Ecology 163:63-75.
McCune, B., and J. B. Grace. 2002. Analysis of Ecologocal Communities. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA.
McCune, B., and M. J. Mefford. 1999. PC-ORD Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. Version 4.0. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA.
Mitsch, W. J., and J. G. Gosselink. 1993. Wetlands. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Niering, W. A., and R. S. Warren. 1980. Vegetation patterns and processes in New England salt marsh. BioScience 30:301-307.
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