車載行動網路(Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork, VANET)屬於行動隨意網路(Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork, MANET)的一種。然而，車載行動網路中的一個節點通常是高速移動的車輛，而整個網路結構往往隨著車輛的行進而不斷地變化。 也因此，傳統的路由協定並不適用於車載行動網路。而隨著科技的進步，搭載全球定位系統(GPS)以及電子地圖(Digital MAP)的車用裝置也越來越普遍，一些基於即時道路狀況的路由協定研究也因應而生。這些研究主要藉由紀錄各交叉路口間過去的封包遞送是否成功，以交叉路口為路由搜尋單位來找出兩台車輛之間的最佳路徑。然而，由於車輛快速移動會造成路由路徑斷裂，使得這類路由協定仍有很大的改善空間。因此，本論文提出一個基於即時道路狀況的多重路徑路由協定。依據我們提出的方法，在探索路由的過程中額外取得一條以上的備用路徑以供發生路徑斷裂情形時使用，藉此提高封包由來源節點傳送至目的節點的成功率。

VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork) is a subclass of MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork). Since nodes in a VANET are usually high-speed mobile vehicles, the network topology changes so fast that conventional routing protocols, especially those designed for quasi-static network topologies, do not work well in a VANET. Since vehicles with GPS receivers and Digital Map devices are now widespread, routing protocols based on real-time traffic conditions emerge. In the routing protocols, road intersections form the virtual backbone. In particular, there is a connection between two road intersections if packets were successfully delivered from one road intersection to the other in the recent past. To combat against high mobility, in this thesis, we propose a routing protocol based on real-time information on vehicular traffic. We use backup paths for improving the packet delivery ratio in VANETs.

誌謝 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 文章導讀 3
第二章 文獻探討 4
2.1 VANET 4
2.2 VANET 常見應用 8
2.3 VANET 常見路由協定簡介 10
2.4 RBVT-R 路由協定 10
2.4.1 RBVT-R Routing Establish 14
2.4.2 Routing Error 18
2.4.3 RBVT-R Data Forwarding 18
2.4.4 Waiting Function 21
第三章 方法和架構 23
3.1 觀察及想法 23
3.2 多重路徑探索方法 25
第四章 模擬結果與效能分析 30
4.1 模擬環境與參數 30
4.2 模擬結果 32
第五章 結論 38
參考文獻 39

[1] Josiane Nzouonta, Neeraj Rajgure, Guiling (Grace) Wang, and Cristian Borcea, “VANET Routing on City Roads Using Real-Time Vehicular Traffic Information”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 58, No. 7, September 2009, pp. 3609-3626.
[2] C. E. Perkins and E. M. Royer, “Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing,” in Proc. 2nd IEEE Workshop Mobile Comput. Syst. Appl., Feb. 1999, pp. 90–100.
[3] D. B. Johnson and D. A. Maltz, “Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks,” Mobile Comput., vol. 353, no. 5, 1996, pp. 153–161.
[4] B. Karp and H. T. Kung, “GPSR: Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks,” ACM MobiCom 2000, pp. 243–254.
[5] F. Kuhn, R. Wattenhofer, Y. Zhang, and A. Zollinger, “Geometric ad hoc routing: Of theory and practice,” ACM PODC, Jul. 2003, pp. 63–72.
[6] C. E. Perkins, P. Bhagwa, "Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) for Mobile Computers," ACM SIGCOMM, Oct. 1994, pp. 234-244.
[7] S. Murthy and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, “An Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Networks,” ACM/Baltzer Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 1, no. 2, Oct.1996, pp.183-197.
[8] T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, 1996, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
[9] C. Lochert, H. Hartenstein, J. Tian, H. Fusler, D. Hermann, and M. Mauve, “A routing strategy for vehicular ad hoc networks in city environments,” in Proc. IEEE Intell. Vehicles Symp., Jun. 2003, pp. 156–161.
[10] V. Naumov and T. Gross, “Connectivity-aware routing (CAR) in vehicular ad hoc networks,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Commun., May 2007, pp. 1919–1927.
[11] T. Li, S. K. Hazra, and W. Seah, “A position-based routing protocol for metropolitan bus networks,” in Proc. 61st IEEE VTC—Spring, Jun. 2005, pp. 2315–2319.
[12] J. Tian, L. Han, K. Rothermel, and C. Cseh, “Spatially aware packet routing for mobile ad hoc intervehicle radio networks,” in Proc. IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst., Shanghai, China, Oct. 2003, pp. 1546–1551.
[13] Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer Specifications.
[14] “Task 3 Final Report,” Identify Intelligent Vehicle Safety Applications Enabled by DSRC, DOT HS 809 859, Mar. 2005.
[15] S.-Y. Ni, Y.-C. Tseng, Y.-S. Chen, and J.-P. Sheu, “The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network,” ACM MobiCom , Aug. 1999, pp. 151–162.
[16] L. Briesemeister and G. Hommel, “Role-based multicast in highly mobile but sparsely connected ad hoc networks,” ACM MobiHoc, Aug. 2000, pp. 45–50.
[17] P. Bose, P. Morin, I. Stojmenovic, and J. Urrutia, “Routing with guaranteed delivery in ad hoc wireless networks,” ACM Wirel. Netw., vol. 7, no. 6, Nov. 2001 pp. 609–616.
[18] S. Dashtinezhad, T. Nadeem, B. Dorohonceanu, C. Borcea, P. Kang, and L. Iftode, “Trafficview: A driver assistant device for traffic monitoring based on car-to-car communication,” in Proc. 59th IEEE Semiannual Veh. Technol. Conf., May 2004, pp. 2946–2950.
[19] P. Zhou, T. Nadeem, P. Kang, C. Borcea, and L. Iftode, “EZCab: A cab booking application using short-range wireless communication,” in Proc. 3rd IEEE Int. Conf. PerCom, HI, Mar. 2005, pp. 27–38.
[20] O. Riva, T. Nadeem, C. Borcea, and L. Iftode, “Context-aware migratory services in ad hoc networks,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 6, no. 12, Dec. 2007, pp. 1313–1328,
[21] A. Nandan, S. Das, G. Pau, and M. Gerla, “Cooperative downloading in vehicular ad hoc wireless networks,” in Proc. IEEE Conference on WONS, Jan. 2005, pp. 32–41.
[22] K. Marina and S. R. Das, “Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing,” ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol. 6, no. 3, July 2002, pp. 92–93.
[23] Li-Ping Chou; Chin-Chi Hsu; Fan Wu, “A reliable multipath routing protocol for ad-hoc network,” IEEE ICON 2002 , Aug. 2002, pp. 305-310.
[24] Ming-Hong Jiang, Rong-Hong Jan. "An Efficient Multiple Paths Routing Protocol for Ad-hoc Networks," IEEE ICOIN 2001, Feb 2001, pp. 544-549,
[25] A. Nasipuri and S.R. Das, “On-demand multipath routing for mobile ad hoc networks,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), Oct. 1999, pp. 64 – 70.
[26] X. Huang, Y. Fang, "Performance study of node-disjoint multipath routing in vehicular ad hoc networks," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., May 2009, pp. 1942-1950.