隨著現代人對無線網路通訊需求日益增加, 此趨勢促使無線通訊技術持續快速發展, 長期演進技術(Long Term Evolution, LTE) 是目前在市場上備受矚目的新一代行動無線寬頻技術, LTE系統實體層之通道編碼採用渦輪碼技術, 本論文研究LTE 系統之渦輪碼編解碼技術並以模擬方式進行其效能分析。首先利用MATLAB/Simulink 內建元件庫建構渦輪碼編解器模擬平台, 其中運用兩個內建之卷積編碼器實現平行串接碼之概念, 並配合設計之二次方程式排序交錯器完成編碼端架構。此外, 在解碼端架構以事後機率解碼器來實現軟式輸出Viterbi 演算法之核心架構, 同時使用內建零階保持之元件, 利用其取樣區間之特點, 實現渦輪解碼器中疊代次數之控制。接著以整合之渦輪碼編解碼架構進行在AWGN 通道下之效能分析, 模擬分析中考量其資料長度、疊代次數、不同交錯器以及解碼器演算法等不同情況。最後以Xilinx 公司開發LTE 系統解碼器模擬晶片之效能分析資料佐證本論文建構之渦輪碼編解器設計與效能符合LTE 系統規範。

As the increasing demand for high data-rate multimedia servicesin wireless broadband access, the advance wireless communication technologies have been developed rapidly. The Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is the new standard for wireless broadband access recently specified by the 3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project) on the way towards the fourth-generation mobile. In this thesis, we are interested in the 3GPP-LTE technology and focus on the turbo coding technique used therein. By employing MATLAB/Simulink, we build up the turbo codec simulation platform for 3GPP-LTE system. Two convolutional encoders that realize the concept of parallel concatenated convolutional codes (PCCCs) and a quadratic permutation polynomial (QPP) interleaver are used to implement the turbo encoder. The a posteriori probability (APP) decoder built-in Simulink is utilized to design the decoder that performs the soft-input and soft-output Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA). The zero-order hold block is used to control the number of decoding iteration for the iterative decoding process. We carry out the 3GPP-LTE turbo codec performance in the AWGN channel on the developed platform. Various cases that consider different data length, the number of decoding iteration, interleaver and decoding algorithm are simulated. The simulation results are compared to those of the Xilinx 3GPP-LTE turbo codec. The comparisons show that our turbo codec works properly and meets the LTE standard.

論文審定書. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
中文摘要. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
英文摘要. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
目錄. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
圖次. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
表次. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
第一章緒論1
1.1 研究動機. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 內容大綱. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
第二章LTE 規範概述3
2.1 LTE發展過程. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 LTE整體規範概述. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 LTE 實體層通道編碼. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
第三章3GPP-LTE 渦輪碼11
3.1 交錯器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.1 隨機交錯器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.2 區塊交錯器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.3 二次方程式排序交錯器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2 渦輪碼編碼架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.3 渦輪碼解碼架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
第四章利用SIMULINK 模擬LTE 系統渦輪碼之效能21
4.1 建立LTE 渦輪碼之模型. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.1.1 編碼器模擬架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.1.2 解碼器模擬架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
iv
4.2 效能模擬分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2.1 資料長度. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2.2 疊代次數. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2.3 交錯器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.2.4 與Xilinx LTE 解碼器之比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.2.5 解碼器中之不同演算法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
第五章結論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
參考文獻. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

[1] Ericsson AB, 3G 長期演進技術簡介 - 技術白皮書,. Ericsson AB, 2007.
[2] 陳後守、邱茂清、王忠炫、吳昭明, 錯誤更正碼, 大放異彩書局, 2007.
[3] 3GPP, “Technical specification group radio access network; evolved universal terrestrial radio access (e-utra); user equipment (ue) radio transmission and reception,” 3GPP TS 36.101 V8.13.1, April 2011.
[4] 3GPP, “Ultra-UTRAN long term evolution (LTE) and 3GPP system architecture evolution (SAE),” 3GPP, pp. 1–8, 2008.
[5] 3GPP, “Technical specification group radio access network; evolved universal terrestrial radio access (e-utra); multiplexing and channel coding,” 3GPP TS 36.212 Vv9.0, March 2010.
[6] C. E. SHANNON, “A mathematical theory of communication,” The Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 27, pp. 379–423, July 1948.
[7] A. Glavieux, C. Berrou, and P. Thitimajshima, “Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: Turbo code,” Proceeding of IEEE, vol. 65, no. 11, pp.1565–1596, July 1989.
[8] L. Hanzo, J. P. Woodard, and P. Robertson, “Turbo decoding and detection for wireless applications,” Proceeding of IEEE, vol. 95, no. 6, pp. 1178–1200, June 2007.
[9] M. Y. Ibrahim and S. Raad, “Implementation of a turbo codes test bed in the simulink environment,” Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2005. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on, vol. 2, pp. 847–850, 2005.

[10] Xilinx, “3GPP LTE turbo encoder v2.0 DS701,” Logic Core Product Specification, September 2008.
[11] Xilinx, “3GPP LTE turbo decoder v2.0 DS675,” Logic Core Product Specification, June 2009.