本研究將利用水溶液沉積法將氧化鋅奈米針成長於氧化鋅結核層。藉由氮氣的低溫回火提高氧化鋅奈米結構的紫外光激發並改善結晶構造，減少缺陷。氧化鋅奈米針可利用其粗化表面和光學影響的特性，在應用上可當作抗反射層。本實驗中將利用氧化鋅奈米針應用於單晶矽太陽能電池上，利用氧化鋅奈米針當抗反射層以增加光穿透率，提升太陽能電池之效率。
我們利用傅氏紅外光譜儀探討鍵結，X射線光電子能譜儀探討元素比例與表面特性，微螢光光譜量測探討吸收光譜，掃描式電子顯微鏡探討表面型態，電流-電壓曲線量測探討太陽能電池特性與光電轉換效率。實驗結果顯示，短路電流從未處理的42 mA提升至51 mA，轉換效率從未處理的15.7 %，經處理提升至18.8 %。

In this study, we prepare the zinc oxide nanotip with aqueous solution deposited on ZnO nucleation layer. The thermal annealing with N2 ambiance at 300 oC for 1 hr increase the UV emission and decrease the defects. We use ZnO nanotip as an anti-reflection layer because of surface roughness and optical interference. ZnO nanotip with rough surface decreases reflection, so we use ZnO nanotip as an anti-reflection layer, after grown ZnO nanotip on solar cell the efficiency of solar cell was enhancement.
The coordination modes were measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The physical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical properties were measured by Micro-photoluminescence (Micro-PL). The morphology was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The performance of the cells was measured by a semiconductor device analyzer. In our results, we grow the high performance of ZnO nanotip on solar cell to increase the efficiency. The short-circuit current increased from 42 to 51 mA, and the efficiency increased from 15.7 to 18.8 %.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
摘 要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
CONTENTS v
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
Chapter 1 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Effects of nanostructures and applications 1
1.2 Properties of ZnO one-dimensional nanostructures 2
1.3 Syntheses of ZnO nanotip 3
1.4 Advantages of Aqueous Solution Deposition (ASD) 4
1.5 Motivation 5
References 14
Chapter 2 17
Experiments 17
2.1 Substrate cleaning procedures 17
2.1.1 Plastic cleaning procedures 17
2.1.2 Silicon cleaning procedures 18
2.1.3 Glass cleaning procedures 18
2.1.4 ITO/glass substrate cleaning procedures 19
2.2 ZnO nucleation layer prepared by RF sputtering 19
2.2.1 Sputtering mechanism 19
2.2.2 RF sputtering 20
2.3 ZnO nucleation layer prepared with ZnO target by RF sputtering 21
2.4 ASD Deposition system 22
2.5 Growth process of ASD-ZnO nanotip 23
2.5.1 Upside down process: 23
2.6 Basic mechanism of ZnO nanotip 23
2.7 Characterization 24
2.7.1 Scanning electron microscopy: 24
2.7.2 X-ray diffraction : 25
2.7.3 Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) : 26
2.7.4 Photoluminescence : 26
2.7.5 Current-voltage (I-V) Measurement 28
References 32
Chapter 3 33
Results and Discussion 33
3.1 Conditions for the formation of wurtzite ZnO nanotip 33
3.2 Anti-reflection coating – “Moth eye” principle 34
3.3 Structure conditions for moth eye effect 35
3.4 Effective medium theories 36
3.5 Effective refractive index 37
3.6 Performance of solar cell with ZnO nanotip 40
3.7 Stepwise growth of ZnO nanotip 41
3.8 XRD spectra of ASD-ZnO nanotip 42
3.9 FTIR spectra of ASD-ZnO nanotip 42
3.10 Micro PL spectra of ASD-ZnO nanotip 43
References 60
Chapter 4 62
Conclusions 62

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