本研究根據「時間-互動-績效」理論與自我調節觀點，針對組織與團隊中的多層次時間現象加以探討。本研究提出，團隊時間規範(如團隊成員對同時多工性的一致性看法)與員工個人之時間掌控知覺對員工的適應性績效有正向影響；而團隊的時間管理實務(包含時間規劃、提醒、與省思)則在前述二者對適應性績效的關係中具有調節效果。本研究以南台灣加工出口區廠商為對象，收集132個團隊、488位員工為樣本進行分析，實證結果顯示團隊時間規範與時間掌控知覺對員工適應性績效具有顯著正向影響，而團隊時間管理實務在時間掌控知覺與適應性績效關係間，呈現曲線型正向調節效果。

This study aims to address the organizational temporality issues based upon the theory of time, interaction, and performance and self-regulation perspective. This study demonstrates the multi-level main effects of both team-level temporal norm and individual temporal perception and also the cross level moderating effects of team temporal management practices. This study answers the calls of incorporating temporal constructs in explaining team members’ performance and exploring these issues within the formal consideration of multilevel modeling. This study also links the needed flexibility and temporality in modern manufacturing context with employee adaptive performance and temporal characteristics of team members.
Specifically, this study collects data from 132 teams and 488 employees from southern Taiwan’s Export Process Zones. Results demonstrates that team level polychronicity and individual level perceived control of time act as significant antecedents of employee adaptive performance after controlling individual personality characteristics. Moreover, team temporal management practices consisted of temporal planning, temporal reminders, and temporal reflexivity as a bundle quadratically enhance the linkage between employees’ perceived control of time and their adaptivity.

Table of Contents
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………i
List of Tables………………………………………………………………………….iii
List of Figures………………………………………………………………………...iv
1. INTRODUCTION………..………………………………………… …………... 1
1.1 Research Backgrounds and Motivations………………………………………1
1.2 Research Purposes……………………………………………………………..5
2. LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………….………………..7
2.1 Employee Adaptivity and Team Temporal Problems…...………………........7
2.2 Temporal Norm of Polychronicity and Employee Adaptive Performance…12
2.3 Perceived Control of Time and Employee Adaptive Performance……..…..18
2.4 Moderating Role of Temporal Management Practices………….………......20
3. RESEARCH METHODS……..………………………………………………….. 27
3.1 Sample…………………………………..………………………………..... 27
3.2 Measures……………………………………………………………………28
4. ANALYSES AND RESULTS..……………………………………………...… …34
4.1 Data Analysis………….………………..………………………….…….... 34
4.2 Descriptive Statistics.……………………………………………….………34
4.3 Assessment of Common Methods Variance………………………………...36
4.4 Results………………………………………………………………………38
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..…………………………..…...46
5.1 Research Results…….………………..………………………….……........46
5.2 Theoretical Implications………………………………………….……...…47
5.3 Practical Implications……………………………………………………….52
5.4 Limitations of the study………………………………………………….…52
5.5 Directions for Future Research…………………………………………..…54
References…………………………….……………………………………………...56
Appendix………………………………………………………………………65

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