薹屬 (Carex L.) 為莎草科植物，包含3亞屬 (subgenus Carex (= Eucarex), subgenus’Indocarex, subgenus Vignea)，超過70節，全世界約有1500-2500種，分佈於幾乎所有類型的生育地。台灣產的薹屬植物約60種，歸於3亞’，26節。由於薹屬植物種類繁多，植株外形尺寸變化大，種間的營養器官相似，花部特徵微小，缺乏完整的花部特徵時，部分相似種之間不易區別，容易造成錯誤鑑定，有必要釐清相似種間的特徵變異範圍和尋找其他有用的特徵。因為本屬的宿柱薹節 (Carex section Praecoces) 在2001年內已經過分類處理，本研究則針對其餘25節，約40種進行研究，期望透過比較外部形態特徵，確切瞭解台灣產薹屬植物各分類群的形態變異範圍。由於新鮮材料缺乏，本研究僅針對複序薹亞屬中煙火薹 (C. cruciata Wahlenb.) 、紅鞘薹 (C. filicina Nees) 、紅頭薹 (C. rafflesiana Boott) 及油薹 (C. satsumensis Franch. ’ Sav.) 等4物種的葉片橫切面特徵進行觀察，探討解剖特徵於薹屬植物分類應用的可能性。
本研究的結果發現，薹屬植物的葉橫切面外形、中肋遠軸面外形、氣室形狀、側脈對數及泡狀細胞層數與數量等特徵，在種間有明顯差異，可作為薹屬植物的分類特徵。此外，台灣產薹屬植物，除宿柱薹節外，處理為39個分類群，共計有38種及1變種；其中與前人不同的分類處理為: 將大井氏扁果薹 (C. caucasia Steven) 併入南湖扁果薹 (C. atrata .) 、亞紅鞘薹 (C.subfilicinoides Kükenthal) 併入紅鞘薹、長梗扁果薹 (C. longistipes Hayata) 併入茶色扁果薹 (C. fulvorubescens Hayata) ，以及確認茶色扁果薹、劉氏薹 (C. liui Koyama & Chuang) 、森氏薹 (C. morii Ohwi) 太魯閣薹 (C. purpureotincta Ohwi) 、扁果薹 (C. urelytra Ohwi) 為台灣特有種。文中並提供39個分類群的分布圖及部分種類的彩色照片與線繪圖。

The genus Carex L. (Cyperaceae) contains three subgenera, more than 70 sections, and 1500—2500 species in the world. In Taiwan, it includes about 60 species, 3 subgenera, and 26 sections. Identification of the taxa of the genus is relatively difficult, because its reproductive and sexual organs are reduced, and many species are morphologically in similarity. It is therefore necessary to clarify the variation ranges of characters and correct scientific name of each species. This study excludes the section of Praecoces of the subgenus Carex, because it was taxonomically treated 13 years ago. My attempt in this study is to employ macro-morphological characters to solve taxonomic problems for those species in Taiwan. In addition, anatomical characters are also applied in order to explore their possibilities applicable to the whole genus.
Five anatomical characters, including outline shapes of leaf transverse section, shape of adaxial ribs, shape of air-cavities, and numbers of lateral veins, numbers and shape of bulliform cells, were used. Because of lack of fresh materials, only 4 species consisting of C. cruciate, C. filicina, C. rafflesiana and C. satsumensis in the genus Carex have been observed. Those anatomic characters are verified useful.
In this study, taxonomic treatment of 39 taxa (38 species and 1 variety) have been made, except those the section Praecoces. In the treatments, three species, C. caucasia Steven, C. subfilicinoides Kükenthal, C. longistipes Hayata were treated as synonym of C. atrata L., C. filicina Nees, C. fulvorubescens Hayata, respectively; five species, C. fulvorubescens, C. liui Koyama & Chuang, C. morii Hayata, C. purpureotincta Ohwi and C. urelytra Ohwi, were confirmed endemic to Taiwan. The color pictures, line drawings, and distribution maps for 39 taxa were provided.

論文審定書 i
謝 辭 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 vii
表次 xi
一、前言 1
二、文獻回顧與探討 2
(一) 、種以上的分類系統 2
(二) 、台灣產薹屬植物分類史 6
(三) 、薹屬植物之形態與解剖學研究 7
(四) 、薹屬植物之細胞學研究 8
(五) 、薹屬之系統分類研究 8
(六) 、分類處理的問題 9
三、研究目的 11
四、材料與方法 11
(一) 、研究材料 11
(二) 、研究方法 12
(三) 、術語定義 14
五、研究結果 16
(一) 、外部形態觀察 16
(二) 、解剖構造 30
(三) 、地理分布 34
(四) 、物候 45
六、分類處理 47
Carex L. 47
Keys 48
參考文獻 231
附表一、台灣產薹屬植物學名沿革表。 236

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