本研究首次全面調查台灣養殖水產品體肉中的微量元素濃度。藉此提供台灣地區養殖水產品微量元素的參考值，並探討其所含元素的營養價值及食用安全，提出台灣民眾攝取養殖水產品之建議。
本研究自2004至2006年間，每年的9月至11月，從宜蘭、花蓮、桃園、彰化、雲林、嘉義、台南、高雄、屏東及澎湖等養殖地區現場採集養殖水產品進行食用部位的分析。總計分析了31種魚類、4種甲殼類及3種貝類之銀、砷、鎘、鈷、銅、鐵、汞、錳、硒、鍶及鋅等11種元素之濃度。
結果顯示本研究的魚、甲殼及貝肉樣品中所含的微量元素濃度除了汞及硒之外，皆呈現顯著的大類差異。必需元素中的銅、鍶及鋅濃度以無脊椎的甲殼肉及貝肉高於脊椎動物的魚肉；鈷、鐵及錳濃度則以貝肉高於甲殼肉及魚肉。非必需元素濃度則皆以貝肉最高。這些微量元素濃度除了魚肉樣品中的銀及鈷之外，皆有顯著的種間差異。魚肉中砷及硒以布氏鯧鰺最高，鎘及鋅以日本鰻最高，銅以尖吻鱸最高，鐵以鯽最高，錳及鍶以虱目魚最高，汞則以點帶石斑及海鱺最高。甲殼及貝肉中的銀以九孔螺最高，砷、鎘、鐵、錳及鍶以文蛤為最高，鈷及硒以台灣蜆及文蛤最高，銅則以文蛤最低，汞及鋅則以鋸緣青蟹為最高。這些濃度測值近似於世界其他未受污染地區之測值，可作為台灣地區養殖水產品體肉及軟組織中微量元素濃度的參考值。
本研究中所有樣品的微量元素濃度均低於無機砷 < 1.0、魚肉及甲殼肉的鎘 < 0.2、貝肉的鎘 < 2.0、銅 < 10、總汞 < 0.5、硒< 1.0及鋅 < 50 μg / g wet wt.等的食用安全限值。台灣民眾在一般的飲食習慣下，食用這些養殖水產品所攝入之非必需元素皆遠低於PTWI所制訂無機砷、鎘及有機汞為15、7及1.6 μg / kg of body / week的標準，完全無食用安全上的顧慮。台灣民眾若每週食用400 g魚類及200 g甲殼類及貝類，即可獲得維護健康所需的微量營養素，包括每日建議攝取量百分之100及58的鈷及硒。

The purposes of this study were to establish the reference values of element concentrations and to estimate the food safety and the nutrient values of essential elements in the aquaculture fish products in Taiwan.
31 species of fishes, 4 species of crustaceans and 3 species of molluscs were collected from 11 aquaculture areas in Taiwan from September to November in 2004 to 2006. Concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Se, Sr and Zn in the muscles were analyzed.
The results showed that the concentrations of those elements had significant difference among teleosteans, crustaceans and molluscs, excepted Hg and Se. Essential element concentrations in Cu, Sr and Zn were higher in invertebrates (shellfishes) than in vertebrates (teleosteans) but Co, Fe and Mn were higher in molluscs than others. All concentrations of non-essential elements excepted Hg were higher in molluscs. Significant species-differences were also found in our results, but not in the concentrations of Ag and Co in teleosteans. Among teleosteans, Trachinotus blochii (As and Se), Anguilla japonica (Cd and Zn), Lates calcarifer (Cu), Carassius auratus auratus (Fe), Epinephelus coioides (Hg), Rachycentron canadum (Hg) and Chanos chanos (Mn and Sr) contained the highest concentrations, showed in parenthesis. Whereas among shellfishes, Haliotis diversicolor (Ag), Meretrix lusoria (As, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Se and Sr), Corbicula fluminea (Co and Se), Scylla serrata (Hg and Zn) revealed the highest concentrations of those elements. The results were seminar to previous literatures reported for uncontaminated aquatic environment area worldwide, so they could be the reference values of element concentrations in the aquaculture fish products in Taiwan.
The element concentrations in this study were all below the worldwide food safety standards of inorganic As = 1.0, Cd (for fish and crustaceans) = 0.2, Cd (for mollusks) = 2.0, Cu = 10, total Hg = 0.5, Se = 1.0 and Zn = 50 μg / g wet wt. Based on the normal dietary habit of Taiwanese by consume 400g fishes and 200g shellfishes every week, the element concentrations of weekly intake were bellowed the standards of inorganic As = 15, Cd = 7 and organic Hg = 1.6 μg / kg of body / week by PTWI, and could obtain more than 100% to Co and 58% to Se of RDA standards at the same time.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
目 錄 V
表 目 錄 IX
圖 目 錄 XI
附 表 目 錄 XIII
謝辭 XIV
壹、前言 1
1.1緣起 1
1.2微量元素及其重要性 3
1.3影響微量元素濃度變化之因素 5
1.4 台灣研究之現況 6
1.5水產養殖環境之生物監測指標 7
1.6研究目的 8
貳、材料與方法 10
2.1樣品收集 10
2.2實驗用具之清潔 10
2.3分析樣品之前處理 10
2.4分析樣品消化 12
2.4.1生物樣品消化 12
2.4.2底泥樣品消化 13
2.4.3 測汞樣品前處理 14
2.5 微量元素分析 14
2.6實驗之品保（QA, Quality Assurance）和品管（QC, Quality Control）檢定 15
2.7數據處理 17
參、結果 18
3.1養殖水產品樣品之種類組成 18
3.2國際標準參考樣品查核結果及數據整理 19
3.3養殖水產品不同年間各微量元素濃度之比較 20
3.4不同養殖水產品大類間各微量元素濃度之比較 21
3.5各類養殖水產品中微量元素之濃度 22
3.5.1銀（Ag） 22
3.5.2 砷（As） 23
3.5.3 鎘（Cd） 23
3.5.4 鈷（Co） 23
3.5.5 銅（Cu） 24
3.5.6 鐵（Fe） 24
3.5.7 汞（Hg） 25
3.5.8 錳（Mn） 25
3.5.9 硒（Se） 26
3.5.10 鍶（Sr） 26
3.5.11 鋅（Zn） 27
3.6養殖水產品中各微量元素濃度的相關性 27
3.7養殖水產品體長與微量元素濃度之關係 29
3.8養殖水產品微量元素濃度之地區差異 29
3.9文蛤及其養殖區鎘元素之研究 30
3.9.1文蛤軟組織鎘濃度與文蛤體型之關係 31
3.9.2文蛤軟組織鎘濃度與肥滿度之關係 31
3.9.3各養殖池的文蛤軟組織鎘濃度比較 31
3.9.4文蛤養殖池底泥中的鎘濃度比較 31
3.9.5文蛤軟組織鎘濃度與底泥鎘濃度之關係 32
肆、討論 33
4.1養殖水產品體肉微量元素濃度之年間差異 33
4.2養殖水產品體肉微量元素濃度之大類差異 33
4.3養殖水產品體肉微量元素濃度之種間差異 35
4.4台灣養殖水產品體肉微量元素濃度參考值之建立 37
4.5養殖水產品食用安全性之探討 38
4.5.1食用安全限值 39
4.5.2 每週容忍攝入量 40
4.6養殖水產品中必需元素營養價值之探討 42
4.7養殖水產品體長與微量元素濃度之關係 43
4.8養殖地區與養殖水產品微量元素濃度之關係 45
4.9文蛤作為水產養殖環境鎘元素的生物監測指標之初步探討 45
4.9.1文蛤之型態與其軟組織鎘濃度之探討 45
4.9.2文蛤軟組織鎘濃度與文蛤養殖池底泥鎘濃度之探討 46
4.9.3以文蛤作為水產養殖環境鎘元素之生物監測指標 46
4.10結論 47
伍、參考文獻 49
表 57
圖 74
附表 94

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