過去，測量懸浮沉積物濃度的技術以光學和現場採集水樣為主，然而利用聲學儀器來觀測懸浮沉積物，在現今國際間是一項新的發展。聲學儀器有光學儀器所沒有的優點，例如，聲學儀器較不易受水中濁度、生物、黏滯性過高……等干擾；而比較水樣分析的方式，聲學儀器有高空間及時間上的解析度並且能即時取得懸浮沉積物濃度變化。因此，本研究的主要目的是利用新型的聲學儀器AQUAscat-1000（多頻聲學懸浮顆粒觀測儀），探討懸浮沉積物粒徑及濃度變化之特性。
研究分為兩部分：（1）實驗室水槽 （2）現場實際觀測。實驗室水槽研究結果， bin size範圍的選取，必須根據現場觀測環境做改變，並且要適當的配合聲波頻率的不同做修正，而在水槽實驗時，以bin size為20 mm為主。此外，增揚開啟與否，定義為當最高濃度低於100 mg/l時，開啟增揚時與水樣濃度符合；當最低濃度高於100 mg/l時，關閉增揚與水樣濃度符合。近岸河口的研究通常濃度值都會比較偏高，因此會建議關閉增揚。當回波強度與懸浮顆粒粒徑比較時，不同的聲波頻率對於不同的顆粒粒徑，所反應的回波強度不一樣，導致於所推算出的懸浮沉積物濃度也就不同。水槽實驗結果，當顆粒粒徑越小時必須使用越多不同聲波頻率來進行懸浮沉積物濃度的推算，所推算出的濃度值才會吻合水樣濃度值。最後，聲學儀器與光學儀器比較時，發現光學儀器會因懸浮沉積物為透明體時，發生低估濃度的情形，但在聲學儀器上不會有此情形的發生。
現場實際觀測結果，2009年野外資料，AQUAscat-1000透過水樣分析結果可以作為定量的依據，並且透過與光學儀器的比較可以作為定性的依據，其中觀測到濃度值增高的原因為波浪的剪應力所引起底床沉積物再懸浮的結果。2011年野外資料，水樣與AQUAscat-1000相關性高且有顯著性，雖然有些時間點濃度值稍微高估，但比起光學儀器濃度值範圍卻是比較準確，其中濃度值增高的原因為流的剪應力所引起底床沉積物再懸浮的結果。

In the past, the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was mainly measured by the optical backscattering device (OBS) and water sample filtration. However, there has been a new development that user is based on the acoustics backscattering (ABS) to measure the SSC in the world. The acoustic instruments have some advantages that the optical ones do not have. For example, acoustic instruments are not effected by high turbidity, biofouling and high viscosity in the water. Acoustic instruments have high spatial and temporal resolutions. And they can immediately indicate the SSC changes than the water sample filtration method. Therefore, in this study we used the multi-frequency acoustics instrument (AQUAscat-1000) to investigate the relations of the suspended sediment size and concentration to the acoustic characteristics.
The results are separated into two parts: (1) The calibration process in the flume. (2) The acoustic results in the field experiment. In the first part, we examined the range of preferred bin size with respect to the different frequencies as well as the condition in the flume, and determine that conclude the 20 mm is the best range for our case. In addition, the gain should be used when the maximum SSC is less than 100 mg/l and vice versa. Therefore, in the field case around the river mouth, the signal gain should be turned off due to high concentrations. According to the sensitivity of the backscatter intensity of different frequencies to the suspended particle sizes, multiple frequencies are needed to derive the SSC when the sediment size becomes smaller. The last point in this part is the comparison of the results between the acoustics and optical instruments. When the suspended particles in the water column are transparent, the optical measurement of the SSC is underestimated, but the acoustic method is not.
The result of the field experiment in 2009 showed that the AQUAscat-1000 is a better instrument to quantify SSC than the optical instruments. The SSC increase caused by the bottom sediment re-suspension was due to the wave shear. In the 2011 experiment, although the acoustic results overestimated the SSC at some points but they still had higher relation and significance with water sample data than the optical measurements. The SSC increase caused by the bottom sediment re-suspension was due to the current shear.

目錄
致謝 Ⅰ
中文摘要 Ⅲ
英文摘要 Ⅴ
目錄 Ⅶ
圖目錄 XI
表目錄 XIV
第一章 序論 1
第一節 前言 1
第二節 前人研究 6
第三節 研究目的 8
第二章 研究地區 10
第一節 地理位置 10
第二節 水文背景 13
第三章 研究方法 15
第一節 實驗室水槽試驗 15
一、水槽設計理念 15
二、儀器介紹 18
三、儀器配置 20
四、實驗流程 20
第二節 現場調查 23
一、實驗設計理念 24
二、儀器介紹 28
三、水樣採集分析步驟 35
第三節 資料分析方法 36
一、聲學理論 36
3-1-1 單頻率回波強度轉換懸浮沉積物濃度 36
3-1-2 多頻率回波強度轉換懸浮沉積物濃度 39
二、水動力參數計算 42
3-2-1 底床剪應力 42
第四章 觀測結果與資料分析 43
第一節 水槽實驗 43
一、AQUAscat-1000參數設定不同測試 45
二、濃度測試 53
三、不同聲波頻率對懸浮沉積物粒徑測試 54
四、聲學和光學儀器比較測試 81
第二節 2009年七月現場實驗 83
一、 水文環境 83
二、回波強度轉換懸浮沉積物濃度 85
三、光學儀器資料 88
第三節 2011年七月現場實驗 90
一、 水文環境 90
二、回波強度轉換懸浮沉積物濃度 92
三、光學儀器資料 95
第五章 討論 97
第一節 儀器參數的不同設定 97
第二節 聲學與懸浮沉積物濃度 99
第三節 聲學與懸浮沉積物粒徑 99
第四節 聲學和光學儀器比較 102
第五節 2009年七月現場實驗 103
第六節 2011年七月現場實驗 108
第六章 結論 111
參考文獻 114

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