海洋中沉積物的來源主要分為陸源與海源，其中大多數陸源沉積物主要是經由河流輸入至海洋，陸源沉積物從河川傳輸至海洋的源到匯分四個階段：(1)河流的沖淡水輸出(2)初始的沉降作用(3)再懸浮與傳輸過程(4)長時間的沉積。其中沖淡水在海洋中的擴散，是陸源物質輸入海洋的第一階段，沖淡水出海後受風場、流場、波浪場以及密度差的影響，改變其擴散的方向以及範圍，密度差異而形成垂直的分層。沖淡水夾帶著大量的陸源物質，造成其水色混濁與清澈海水交界處會形成水平與垂直的鋒面(front)，在垂直鋒面上鹽度明顯分層，流向相反的結果造成濁度高值。因此本文研究目的為藉由觀測高屏溪口表層溫度、鹽度和粒徑群結果探討沖淡水的時空變化，透過了解沖淡水的擴散機制，追蹤陸源沉積物的源頭。
觀測時間，2009年7月28日∼30日及2011年7月30 日∼8月2日，兩年皆有高屏溪口沿岸表底層時序資料，此外2009年有額外搭配走航的資料。觀測結果顯示2009年流量低於日平均流量，由衛星影像與時空序列分析得知，退潮時除了受潮流影響外，地轉流與風驅流將沖淡水向河口西側偏轉。河川逕流流速為0.16 m/s，最大風驅流流速為0.29 m/s，退潮時風場皆有大過風強指數|W_s |>1的門檻風速6.1 m/s。漲潮時風速在4.2~7.9 m/s接近門檻，搭配漲潮流使沖淡水從西往東偏轉至峽谷頭頂端。EOF分析的結果，證實了當流量低時，波浪與風主導沖淡水的擺動。
2011年流量大於日平均流量，河川逕流強，潮汐使得整層水層上下流速流向一致，河川逕流流速經計算為0.30 m/s，最大風驅流流速為0.12 m/s，沿岸風無法達到風強指數|W_s |>1的門檻風速11.67 m/s，沖淡水的傳輸以河川逕流為主。在衛星影像觀察沖淡水水色，退潮時向河口西側擴散，漲潮時時序資料皆無沖淡水訊號，平均向岸流流速為0.52 m/s，大於河川逕流，所以高流量時沖淡水擺動機制由潮汐為主要因子。EOF分析的結果，證實流量高時主要營力為流場，其次為風場。

A major part of the terrestrial sediment in the ocean comes from the land via river plume. There are four stages in sediment dispersal from rivers into the sea: supply via plume, initial deposition, resuspension and transport by waves and currents or by the slope failure, and long-term net accumulation. We can understand the dispersion and transport of the river plume by in situ observations of hydrodynamic of the plume field. Therefore, it is helpful to study river plume hydrodynamics, such as winds, tides, waves, and currents. The purpose of this study is to identify the type of plume dynamics by analyzing the temporal and spatial variability of hydrological structures observed around the Gaoping River mouth.
We observed the bottom and surface time series of temperature, salinity, turbidity, suspended sediment concentration, and velocity profile by instrument mounted at the tetrapods and a moored buoy during July 28 to 30 in 2009 and July 30 to August 2 in 2011. Besides, we investigated the spatial structures of the river plume in Gaoping River mouth by using a fishing boat in 2009. We also acquired satellite images to assist our study.
The results showed that the river discharges during 2009 was lower than daily average discharge. Combined the temporal and spatial observations and satellite images, we determined that the river plume turned west during the ebb tide was influenced by Coriolis force and winds. The buoyancy-driven current velocity was 0.15 m/s and the maximum of wind-driven current velocity was 0.30 m/s. The wind strength index (Ws) determines whether a plume’s along-shelf flow is in a wind-driven or buoyancy-driven state. Ws is the ratio of the wind-driven and buoyancy-driven along-shelf velocities. If |W_s | > 1 on average the wind velocity more than 5.9 m/s. The wind velocity reached this threshold during most of the ebb periods, and around that value in the flood time. Flood currents combined with cross-shore wind pushed the river plume to swing to the east. The data were analyzed by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The results indicated that winds and waves were the main factors influencing plume dynamics during low-discharge period.
During the field experiment in 2011, the river discharge was greater than daily average discharge. The buoyancy-driven and the maximum of wind-driven current velocities were 0.30 and 0.12 m/s, respectively. The wind velocity did not reach the threshold that was 11.67 m/s. The buoyancy-driven current was more significant than wind-driven current. By analyzing the ocean color of satellite images, the river plume was spreading from the river mouth and toward west during ebb. The time series data also showed that there was plume signal at the same time. The average cross-shore current velocity was 0.52 m/s, being larger than the buoyancy-driven current. Therefore, the tide was the main factor deciding where the plume discharged. The first eigemode of EOF suggested that current was the most important factor influencing plume dynamics during high-discharge period. The second eignmode described the dominant influence of wind.

目錄
致謝 I
中文摘要 III
英文摘要 V
目錄 VII
圖目錄 X
表目錄 XIV
第一章 序論 1
第一節 前言 1
第二節 前人研究 5
第三節 沖淡水與沈積物動力研究 11
第四節 研究目的 13
第二章 研究區域 15
第一節 地理位置與水文背景 15
第二節 河海系統 16
第三章 實驗設計 21
第一節 站位規劃 21
第二節 水樣採集及儀器介紹 26
第四章 資料分析方法 36
第一節 層化混合參數 36
第二節 風強指數Ws 39
第三節 經驗正交函數分析 41
第五章 觀測結果 45
第一節 2009年七月現場實驗 45
5.1.1水文時間與空間序列資料分析 45
5.1.2層化混合參數分析結果 60
5.1.3風強指數分析結果 64
5.1.4經驗正交函數分析結果 65
第二節 2011年七月現場實驗 72
5.2.1水文時序資料分析 72
5.2.2層化混合參數分析結果 84
5.2.3風強指數分析結果 86
5.2.4經驗正交函數分析結果 87
第六章 討論 93
第一節 高屏溪沖淡水時空變化 93
第二節 水動力對高屏溪沖淡水的影響 96
第三節 風與河川逕流量對高屏溪沖淡水傳輸方向的影響 97
第四節 EOF分析結果 98
第五節 海底峽谷水與沖淡水互動 100
第七章 結論 103
參考文獻 106
附錄 115

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