傳統中草藥已經證實為研發新藥或新治療方法的重要標靶，故其研究是目前眾所矚目的焦點課題之一。半支蓮 (Scutellaria barbata D. Don)抽取物因具有抗癌、抗炎、抗氧化、抑菌、免疫調節等多種重要藥理作用，因此，已成為舉世聞名的中草藥，其藥理學作用在國際間正廣泛、熱烈地研究。半支蓮的藥理活性成份主要包括黃酮類 (flavonoids)、二萜烯類 (diterpenoids)、固醇類、揮發油類和多糖 (polysaccharides) 等等；其中黃酮類為半支蓮中之重要活性成份，證實具有抗發炎、抗氧化、保肝等效用，黃酮類活性成分常被視為疾病預防與治療的主要成分。本研究擬採用環保綠能的超音波輔助 (ultrasound-assisted) 熱迴流法 (heat reflux extraction, HRE) 進行半支蓮抽取物之抽取，並分別以活體與離體的大白鼠實驗模式及抗氧化活性能力 (total antioxidant capacity)評估之分析套組進行半支蓮之藥理活性研究，結果顯示半支蓮及其黃酮類成分具有明顯的抗氧化作用及疾病預防的活性，本研究之結果顯示出半支蓮進一步臨床應用研究之潛力。

The traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been used to treat illness for thousands of years. The past few years, humankind discovered and made use of an enormous range of natural products derived from natural sources such as plants, animals or micro-organisms. Scutellaria barbata D. Don is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and reveals several important pharmacological effects such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial activities and immune regulation. Nowadays S. barbata has become a world-famous Chinese herbal medicine. The active ingredients of S. barbata include flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, essential oils and polysaccharides. Whine them the flavonoids are important active ingredient in S. barbata, these substances reveal anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Recent interests in flavonoid have been stimulated by the potential health benefits and are often thought to have health-promoting properties as the main component of disease prevention and treatment due to their high antioxidant capacity. In the present study, a hyphenated procedure involving heat-reflux and ultrasound-assisted extraction (HUAE), the environmentally friendly extraction process, was developed to extract S. barbata for the evaluation of the antioxidant activities and pharmacological effects of S. barbata by using the total antioxidant capacity and the in vitro and in vivo models of Wistar rats, respectively. Data have shown the significant antioxidant activities and pharmacological effects of S. barbata and its flavonoid constitutes. It was concluded that S. barbata and its flavonoid constitutes reveal the potential roles of clinical medications

致謝‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ iii
中文摘要‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ iv
英文摘要‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ v
目錄‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ vi
圖次‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ ix
表次‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ xi
緒論‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1
1. 中草藥之發展‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥1
2. 半枝蓮之藥理作用‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4
3. 中草藥之抽取及分離技術‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10
4. 研究動機‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥13
材料與方法‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16
1. 設備、器材‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥16
2. 實驗材料‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥16
3. 實驗方法‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥18
3.1半枝蓮之超音波輔助熱回流抽取‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 18
3.2半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類活性成分於活體大白鼠之藥理活性評估‥‥‥‥‥‥ 19
(a)半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類活性成分於活體大白鼠之心血管系統活性評估‥‥‥ 19
(b)半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類活性成分於離體大白鼠血管胸主動脈平滑肌的作用‥ 20
(c)半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類活性成分對離體大白鼠右心房自發性等張收縮作用‥ 20
(d)半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類活性成分於活體大白鼠
呼吸流量之影響‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21
(e)半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類活性成分之離體大白鼠氣管擴張作用評估‥ 21
3.3半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類活性成分之抗氧化作用活性評估‥‥ 23
實驗結果‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 24
1 半枝蓮之超音波輔助熱回流抽取‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥24
1.1半枝蓮水分含量測定‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥24
1.2半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類主要活性成分之紫外線吸收光譜‥‥ 24
1.3半枝蓮抽取物之高效能液相色層分析法.‥‥‥‥‥‥ 25
2 半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類主要活性成分之藥理活性評估.. 26
(a)半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類活性成分於活體大白鼠之心血管系統活性評估‥ 26
(b)半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類活性成分於離體大白鼠之血管作用‥‥ 26
(c)半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類活性成分於離體大白鼠心房
自發性等張性收縮作用‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 26
(d)半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類活性成分於心電圖的作用‥‥27
(e)半枝蓮抽取物及其活性成分於大白鼠之呼吸系統作用‥28
3.半枝蓮抽取物及其黃酮類主要活性成分之抗氧化活性評估‥‥ 29
討論‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 30
結論‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 39
未來展望‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 40
圖次‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 42
表次‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 56
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