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博碩士論文 etd-0727104-104938 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0727104-104938
論文名稱
Title
冷戰後中國與非洲關係之研究:政治與經濟層面的新挑戰
China and Africa in the Post-Cold War Era: The New Political and Economic Challenges
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
310
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2004-06-11
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2004-07-27
關鍵字
Keywords
非洲、中非關係、中國
China, Africa, Sino-African Relations
統計
Statistics
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中文摘要
冷戰後中國對非洲關係實已大幅演變。冷戰時期自一九五五年萬隆會議濫觴,中共寄望在非洲拓展獨立自主外交空間,走出蘇聯的陰影;後冷戰時期中非親近則肇因於天安門事件及蘇聯解體,目的在紓解西方壓力。由於蘇聯因素影響,冷戰時期中國對非政策不僅遭到扭曲,而且高度搖擺,但冷戰後中國對非政策則呈現相對穩定與正常化。未來中共勢必會加大與非洲的交往,藉以展現強權態勢,然而,將異於冷戰時期專注上層政治的型式,朝下層政治大幅擴張。冷戰後中非關係發展軌跡與趨勢已然跳脫傳統的認知,中國對非洲亦呈現依賴現象。
Abstract
The goal of our research is to analyze Sino-African relationships during the post-Cold War era with a systemic behaviorism approach. This research focuses on providing explicative interpretations of the outstanding features in China’s diplomatic and economic relations with Africa from an international/domestic context. Our work tries to break generally accepted connotations in Sino-African relations, in answer to questions regarding their origin, impact and perspective.
The end of the Cold War has drastically changed the world structure. With the exception of Eastern Europe, the “Spring of Beijing” in 1989 has completely modified the Occidental perception of China. To aggravate the situation, China was isolated when it became the biggest communist power following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Despite the distancing between China and Africa in the 1980’s, China attempted to reinforce comprehensive relations with Africa in hopes of political and economic gains. Due to increasing needs of support, China intensified and diversified their approach towards Africa.
China needed Africa’s support because Africa was a strategic and diplomatic lever against external coercion. During the post-Cold War period, China focused on Occidental and particularly American supremacy. China wanted to shift the balance of power and to do so required a network of allies within the African continent.
China also wanted to use the strength of Africa’s counter-power to construct a multi-polar world based on China’s ideology. China’s renewed interest towards Africa made the latter more “polyvalent” for the Chinese regime. African countries took actions to help the Chinese in issues such as human rights. The human rights issue was a platform for solidarity between the two parties since they both have shared common beliefs in the anti-human right movement. Africa was also asked to hinder the diplomatic recognition of Taiwan, a nation in which China considers to be a “rebel province.” This was evident from 1993 when Taiwan led a campaign in Africa to re-enter the United Nations and to obtain a full political status of a state. Contrary to all expectations, rivalry regarding to the diplomatic recognition of Taiwan in Africa was pacified after the South-African episode. A phenomenon of détente was seen in Africa.
From the economic aspect, Africa became China’s ideal trading partner despite the geo-economic consideration. The Chinese great leader Deng Xiaoping wanted to create a China that is materially strong and wealthy. Establishing good worldwide trading relationship was required to accomplish such a task. Trading with Africa was more promising than Russia despite their geographic location. The African market offered a greater potential outlet for Chinese exports, which was particularly important since the economy of China was slowing down. Africa’s natural resources were also in high demand in China. Fossil fuel was an excellent example because China had become a crude oil importing country since 1996. China’s severe deficiency of energy resources also created a serious problem for the nation’s autonomy. The lack of energy resources in China was a key component in the political and economical game between China and the African oil producing countries such as Sudan. This creates an original type of axis: client and ally.
Thus, Sino-African relations are determined by four key variables: American supremacy, question of Taiwan, African market and African natural resources.
Contrary to generally accepted ideas and ancient models of interaction, Sino-African relations of our times evolved in a rational way and expanded from the political fields to the economic fields due to the fact that China is heavily dependent on Africa.
目次 Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction
Part I: Fundamental Issues and Contexts Affecting China-Africa Relations
Chapter One: China’s Perceptions of the Third-World
Chapter Two: China and Africa as Global Actors
Part II: Sino-African Political Relationship: A Dynamism Driven by External Evolutions
Chapter One: In Search of a Privileged Bilateral Partnership
Chapter Two: Threat of Taiwanese Diplomatic Offensives
Part III: Sino-African Economic Relationship: A Pragmatism Originating from Internal Environments
Chapter One: The Impact of an Empowered Chinese Economy
Chapter Two: China’s Concerns of the African Natural Resources
Conclusions
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II. Contributions to Collective Publications:
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III. Reports:
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IV. Articles:
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“China’s Oil Imports Rise Possible Boom for U.S.,” Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 97, No. 23 (June 7, 1999), pp. 24-26.
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Alden, Chris and Shelton Garth (1999), “Camarades, parias et hommes d’affaires : mise en perspective des relations entre l’Afrique du Sud et la Chine,” Politique africaine, No. 76 (December), pp. 18-29.
Andrews-Speed, Philip and Vinogradov Sergei (2000), “China’s Involvement in Central Asian Petroleum,” Asian Survey, Vol. XL, No. 2 (March-April), pp. 377-397.
Bagayoko, Niagalé (2001), “La politique américaine de sécurité en Afrique subsaharienne sous le président Clinton,” Afrique contemporaine, No. 197 (1st trimester), pp. 12-23.
Bodansky, Yossef (2000), “The Hegemon’s Gambit,” Defense and Foreign Affairs - Strategic Policy, Vol. 28, No. 11/12 (November-December), pp. 4-9.
Baum, Julian and Forney Matt (1996), “Dollar Diplomacy: Beijing, Taipei woo African states with cash,” Far Eastern Economic Review, Vol. 159, No. 23 (June 6), p. 22.
Baum, Julian (1996), “A Friend in Need,” Far Eastern Economic Review, Vol. 159, No. 50 (December 12), p. 24.
Brautigam, Deborah (1994), “What Can Africa Learn from Taiwan: Political Economy, Industrial Policy and Adjustment,” Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 32, No. 1 (March), pp. 111-139.
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