中文摘要


電壓調變焦距之液晶透鏡的製作乃利用圓孔型電極產生空間中非均勻電場，造成液晶樣品具有光學GRIN透鏡聚焦的功能。
因向列型液晶具有雙折射特性，以及電場對液晶分子強迫取向的光電性質. 當外加電壓於具圓孔形電極的液晶樣品時，液晶層內呈現如光學透鏡GRIN lens般的折射率梯度分佈，因此光線在液晶透鏡內改變行進路徑而有光學上聚焦的功能。
除了探討液晶透鏡之聚焦成因以及改變電壓對液晶透鏡的焦距變化之外，本論文更做了有別於其他論文的分析方式來討論液晶透鏡的光學性質：藉由分析液晶層造成的conoscopy圖形樣式，分析液晶分子在非均勻電場中的排列情形得知折射率分佈。我們並製作不同結構的液晶透鏡探討不同電場梯度與方向對液晶分子翻轉的影響，改善液晶透鏡在電壓驅動下產生影響透鏡聚焦效應之不連續區塊。

Abstract



Tunable-focal length LC lens with hole-patterned electrode have been fabricated in this study. Liquid crystals (LCs) are excellent electro-optic materials with electrical and optical anisotropies. Their optical properties can easily be varied by external electric field. Hence according the electro-optic properties, we made the tunable LC lens.

In this study a novel conoscopy method has been applied to analyze the LC lens. First, we study the causes of the focusing and the optical properties of LC lens, and measure the focal length with varying voltage. Second, by analyzing the figure patterns formed with conoscopy method. We study the LC molecules reorientation caused by the inhomogeneous electric field distribution. In order to improve the spoiled effect due to the subsidiary domain in the LC lens, three different structures of LC lens have been fabricated and the focusing effect has been discussed.

第一章 導論
§1-1 前言 1
§1-2 液晶簡介 3
§1-2.1 液晶源起 3
§1-2.2 液晶的種類 4
§1-3 GRIN lens 導論 8
§1-3-1 GRIN lens 的種類 9
第二章 理論
§2-1 液晶的一些物理性質 11
§2-1.1 分子排列的秩序參數 11
§2-1.2 液晶的彈性連續體理論 13
§2-1.3 液晶的光電特性 14
§2-2 非均勻的電場下液晶分子重新取向 20
§2-3 GRIN lens 理論 25
§2-4 聚光干涉conoscopy 31
第三章 實驗裝置與步驟
§3-1 樣品的製作 36
§3-1.1 材料介紹 36
§3-1.2 樣品製作 37
§3-2 實驗裝置與步驟 41
§3-2.1 液晶透鏡焦距測量之實驗裝置與步驟 41
§3-2.2 液晶透鏡折射率分佈之實驗裝置與步驟 43
§3-2.3 不同電場方向與梯度之液晶透鏡實驗裝置
與步驟 45
第四章 實驗結果與討論
§4-1 液晶透鏡焦距之測量 46
§4-1.1 實驗結果 47
§4-1.2 實驗討論 50
§4-2 Conoscopy 的觀察 52
§4-2.1 實驗結果 52
§4-2.2 實驗討論 54
§4-3 液晶透鏡折射率分佈 57
§4-3.1 實驗結果 57
§4-3.2 實驗討論 63
※4-3.1 實驗結果-不同孔徑之液晶透鏡折射率分佈 65
§4-4 不同電場方向與梯度下液晶透鏡之討論 69
§4-4-1.1 實驗結果(1)-conoscopy 圖形分析 69
§4-4-1.2 實驗討論(1) 70
§4-4-1.3 實驗結果(2)—液晶透鏡折射率分佈情形 73
§4-4-1.4 實驗討論(2) 74
§4-4-2.1 實驗結果 76
§4-4-2.2 實驗討論 78
第五章 結論
§5-1 結論 80
參考文獻 82

參考文獻:
1. Hongwen Ren, Yun-Hsing Fan, and Shin-Tson Wu：Opt. Lett. 29, No. 14 .
( July. 2004)

2. Yun-Hsing Fan, Student Member, IEEE, Hongwen Ren, Xiao Liang,
Haiying Wang, Student Member, IEEE, and Shin-Tson Wu, Fellow,：
IEEE/OSA JOURNAL OF DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 1, NO. 1,
Sep. 2005

3. S. T. Kowel, D. S. Cleverly and P. G. Kornreich: Appl. Opt. 23 (1984)278.

4. Toshiaki Nose, Shin Masuda and Susumu SATO：Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31
(1992) pp.1643-1646

5. S. YANASE1, K. OUCHI and Susumu SATO：Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40. 6514
(2001)

6. S. YANASE1, K. OUCHI and Susumu SATO：Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41. 3836
(2002)

7. S. YANASE1, K. OUCHI and Susumu SATO ：Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41.1482
(2002)

8. Mao Ye, Bin Wang, and Susumu Sato：Appl. Opt. 43 .6407(2004)

9. Mao Ye, Bin Wang, and Susumu Sato：Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43. L352 (2004)

10. Mao Ye, Bin Wang, and Susumu Sato：Appl. Opt. 43 .3420(2004)

11. Yi-Hsin LIN, Hongwen REN, Kuan-Hsu FAN-CHIANG, Wing-Kit CHOI, Sebastian GAUZA, Xinyu ZHU and Shin-Tson WU：Jpn. J. Appl. Phys . 44, No. 1A, 2005, pp. 243–244

12. Hongwen Ren, Yun-Hsing Fan, Sebastian Gauza, and Shin-Tson Wu：
Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, No. 23, 4789(JUNE . 2004)

13. Bin WANG, Mao YE and Susumu SATO： Jpn. J. Appl. Phys：Vol. 44,
No. 7A, 2005, pp. 4979–4983


14. Eugene Hecht “OPTICS ”(4th ed., Addison Wesley,San Francisco, 2002)

15. 松本正一,角田市良,"液晶之基礎與應用"(臺北市,國立編譯館,1996)

16. Rubin H. Landan, Manuel J. P’aez ,“Computational Physics Problem
solving with computers” (Wiley-Interscience, New York,11997)

17. Hermann A. Haus, James R. Melcher,
” Electromagnetic fields and energy”(Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1989)

18. L.M. Blinov, V.G. Chigrinov, ” Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal
Materials ”(Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994)

19. Hermann A. Haus, ” Waves and fields in optoelectronics”
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1984)

20. 閻吉祥, 魏光輝, 哈流柱, 林永昌, 江先進,”矩陣光學” (北京, 兵器工
業出版社,1995)

21. P. Yeh, "Optics of liquid crystal displays" (Wiley, New York,1996).