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博碩士論文 etd-0727108-221452 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0727108-221452
論文名稱
Title
群眾模擬之一致性方法
A unified approach toward crowd simulation
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
97
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2008-07-10
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2008-07-27
關鍵字
Keywords
碰撞避免、路徑規畫、群眾
crowds, collision avoidance, path planning
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5626 次,被下載 4
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5626 times, has been downloaded 4 times.
中文摘要
在這個世界當中,生活著許許\多多、各式各樣不同生物,而每種生物都有著其獨特之生活習性、行為規則,也因此這些生物之間以及生物與環境之間都會產生諸多互動,而這些互動在日常生活中常常可以輕易觀察到、注意到;而在種類如此繁多之生物中,人類可以說是其中數量最龐大、行為也最複雜且精細之族群,所以要如何透過觀察、分析,將獲得資訊藉由電腦模擬,真實呈現出人類行為更是一項很艱困之課題跟挑戰。
行人模擬先前之研究可以說幾乎都是以agent-based modeling此種方法為主,而agent-based其做法是將每個要進行模擬之個體其移動、其所遭遇之狀況,皆分開單獨計算做個別考量;因此單純之agent-based modeling勢必會造成大量計算,使得效率不佳;此外還有leader-follower制度,也就是在一個要進行移動之團體中,一定都會存在著一個leader,而這個leader會來帶領整個團體往目的地作移動,而團體中其他成員,就是所謂follower,這些follower他們會在leader 進行移動時,緊緊跟隨在leader附近一起進行移動。
本研究藉由使用電磁學中電荷基礎概念,將電荷所具有之物理特性應用於模擬當中,使得所要模擬之行人具有電荷之性質;而模擬所使用之方法同時包含了agent-based modeling與leader-follower制度;其中agent-based modeling使用於模擬個別移動之行人,使其能夠獨自往目的地移動;而leader-follower制度則是希望將真實世界中,人們常表現出跟隨群體中特定對象移動之行為能夠真實模擬出來。
Abstract
There are various kinds of creature living in the world and each kind of creatures has its own unique life habits and behavior patterns. For these reasons between the creature as well as the biology and the environment can have many interactions with each other, and we may observe these interactions easily in the frequently daily life. However the humanity may be the quantity hugest, and also have the most complex behavior at the fine race group in all kind of creatures on earth. So how could we penetrate into by observed and analysis to obtain the information which translates to the computer simulation realistically is a topic of the very hardship with challenge to presents the human behavior.
Virtually all previous work has been agent-based, meaning that motion is computed separately for each individual. Such models can capture each person’s unique situation. So the agent-based modeling will inevitably result in a large number of calculation and make poor efficiency. In addition, there are leader-follower system which consists of a leader and multiple followers. This leader will lead the entire group to the destination, and the followers will follow the motion of their leader closely.
In our research apply the physical properties of electric charge to the simulation of pedestrians by using the basic concepts of electromagnetism. The simulation method contains the agent-based modeling and the leader-follower system at the same time. The agent-based modeling simulates pedestrian of the individual motion. The goal of the leader-follower system is to simulate the real world behavior that people in a community often move by following a specific object.
目次 Table of Contents
摘要 i
Abstract iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
第一章 序論 - 1 -
1.1 前言 - 1 -
1.2 相關研究 - 4 -
1.2.1 路徑規畫以及碰撞避免 - 4 -
1.2.2 群聚行為 - 13 -
1.3 動機以及想法 - 22 -
第二章 理論基礎 - 25 -
2.1 研究背景 - 25 -
2.2 電磁學 - 25 -
2.2.1 電荷 - 27 -
2.2.2 庫倫定律 - 30 -
2.3 Agent–Based Modeling - 32 -
2.4 Leader – Follower制度 - 36 -
2.5 障礙物 - 38 -
2.6 碰撞避免 - 41 -
2.7 路徑尋找 - 42 -
第三章 研究方法與步驟 - 44 -
3.1 簡介 - 44 -
3.2 前置處理 - 44 -
3.2.1 顏色屬性 - 44 -
3.2.2 單一電荷 - 45 -
3.2.3 集體行動之電荷 - 46 -
3.2.4 固定障礙物 - 46 -
3.2.5 速度限制 - 47 -
3.3 庫倫定律與作用力 - 47 -
3.3.1 施力範圍 - 49 -
3.3.2 權重 - 50 -
3.4 Agent–Based - 52 -
3.5 Leader–Follower - 54 -
3.5.1 往固定目的地移動 - 55 -
3.5.2 追逐 - 56 -
3.5.3 定時定點出現group - 58 -
3.6 固定障礙物 - 59 -
3.6.1 禁止通行區域 - 60 -
3.6.2 衛星地圖 - 60 -
3.7 碰撞避免 - 62 -
第四章 研究結果 - 65 -
4.1 ㄇ字形障礙物 - 65 -
4.2 參觀展場 - 68 -
4.3 Group互相追趕 - 73 -
4.4 Group交會 - 76 -
4.5 多group之模擬 - 77 -
第五章 結論與未來方向 - 80 -
5.1 結論 - 80 -
5.2 未來方向 - 80 -
參考文獻 - 81 -
參考文獻 References
[1]Bonabeau. E, “Agent-based modeling: Methods and techniques for simulating human systems, ” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science99, pp. 7280–7287, 2002.
[2]Bayazit. O, Lien J, and Amato. N, “Better group behaviors in complex environments with global roadmaps,” Int. Conf. on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, pp. 362-370, 2002.
[3]Petter′E, J., Laumond, J.-P., And Thalmann, D. "A navigation graph for real-time crowd animation on multilayered and uneven terrain." V-CROWDS’05, 2005.
[4]Arikan. O, Chenney. S and Forsyth. D. A, “ Efficient multi-agent path planning, ” Computer Animation and Simulation ’01, pp. 151–162, 2001.
[5]Turner. A and Penn. A, “ Encoding natural movement as an agent-based system: an investigation into human pedestrian behaviour in the built environment ,” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, pp. 473-490, 2002.
[6]Shao. w. and Terzopoulos. D. , “ Autonomous pedestrians ,” SIGGRAPH ’05: ACM SIGGRAPH 2005, pp. 19–28, 2005.
[7]Treuille A., Cooper S., Popovi′c Z., “Continuum Crowds,” SIGGRAPH ’06: ACM SIGGRAPH 2006, pp. 1160 – 1168, 2006.
[8]T.-Y. Li, Y.-J. Leng and, S.-I, Chang, “Simulating virtual crowds with a leader-follower model ,” CA 2001, pp.93-102, 2001.
[9]Kamphuis, A., Overmars, M. H., “Finding paths for coherent groups using clearance,” SIGGRAPH ’04: ACM SIGGRAPH 2004, pp. 19–28, 2004.
[10]Pelechano N., O’Brien K., Silverman B., and Badler N., “Crowd simulation incorporating agent psychological models, roles and communication,” First International Workshop on Crowd Simulation, pp 21-30, 2005
[11]Musse, S. R., And Thalmann, D.,“A model of human crowd behavior: Group inter-relationship and collision detection analysis,” Computer Animation and Simulation ’97, pp. 39–51, 1997.
[12]Lamarche, F., And Donikian, S., “Crowd of virtual humans: a new approach for real time navigation in complex and structured environments,” Computer Graphics 2004, pp. 509–518, 2004.
[13]http://maps.google.com.tw/
[14]http://www.tfam.museum/Index.aspx
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