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博碩士論文 etd-0727109-194543 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0727109-194543
論文名稱
Title
探討盤狀液晶分子在矽晶圓表面的堆疊型態
Investigation of the stacking phenomenon of discotic liquid crystal on silicon surface
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
102
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2009-07-03
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2009-07-27
關鍵字
Keywords
原子力顯微鏡、盤狀液晶
Discotic liquid crystal, AFM
統計
Statistics
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中文摘要
盤狀液晶(Discotic liquid crystal)是一種具有剛硬的芳香環核心,以及具有側鏈的分子;分子間會以π-π作用力自動排列成一維的管柱狀結構,而產生電子傳輸能力的性質。近年來,使用溶液法,將盤狀液晶分子沉積到固態表面製程的電子元件,已廣泛被應用在太陽能電池(solar cell)、有機發光二極體(OLED)、organic photovoltaic、場效電晶體(FET)及分子通道…等。盤狀液晶分子在固態表面有不同的堆疊方式,對元件表面型態會有不同的影響。因此有效的控制盤狀液晶分子在表面的堆疊,有助於電子元件效能的提升。
本研究專注於探討含有酯及酸不同官能基的這對盤狀液晶分子在矽晶圓表面是如何的堆疊;在本論文中,我們先使用一維變濃度NMR計算的方式,量測盤狀液晶酯在不同有機溶劑中的聚集情形,結果顯示盤狀液晶酯在不同有機溶劑中(CH2Cl2、THF、Benzene)確實有不同大小的自聚集能力,大小依序為: THF > CH2Cl2 > Benzene。
除此之外,我們更改變不同條件;例如溶劑、表面官能基及溫度,探討這對含有酸及酯官能基的盤狀液晶分子矽晶圓表面的堆疊情形為何?在改變溶劑部分:實驗結果顯示,使用不同極性和不同揮發速度的有機溶劑,確實會造成盤狀液晶酯分子在矽晶圓表面形成不同的堆疊型態。在改變表面官能基部分:實驗結果顯示:酯類盤狀液晶受表面不同官能基的影響較酸小,不會因為表面不同官能基所造成的競爭因子(competing factor)而影響分子分子間作用力;分子和表面有較小作用力的,在表面形成長鏈(Ester)的堆疊,而分子和表面有較大作用力的,在表面形成短鏈(Acid)的堆疊;含CH3官能基(較疏水的表面),推測因為溶劑在表面潤濕不易,所以造成溶劑無法帶著分子在表面形成短鏈或長鏈的堆疊;在改變溫度部分:不論是盤狀液晶酸還是盤狀液晶酯,當溫度上升,表面的分子會被較大分子堆疊的地方所吸引而形成更大的聚集,及分子堆疊的長度有逐漸變短的現象。
Abstract
Discotic liquid crystal (LC) molecules have a structure that is comprised of a rigid aromatic core with side-chain molecules. Intermolecular π-π interactions force the tube to orient and form one-dimensional columnar structures which can act as molecular wires. In recent years, discotic LC molecules have been deposited on surfaces from solution to create the solid-state electronic elements used widely in solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), organic photovoltaic, field-effect transistors (FET), and molecular wires. Different stacking morphologies can change the behavior of the material and thus will have potential for different applications. Hence, effective control over the stacking of the LC molecules on surfaces is important for optimizing the performance and effectiveness of LC-based electronic components and devices.
This study has focused on LC molecules with acid and ester containing functional groups, and how these groups influence the stacking behavior on surfaces. Here, the self-aggregation behavior of the discotic LC ester in solution was investigated quantitatively by determining the concentration dependence of the 1H NMR chemical shifts. Our results showed that discotic LC ester has different self-aggregation behavior in CH2Cl2, THF and Benzene organic solvents. THF solvent showed the highest degree of aggregation, followed by CH2Cl2, and then benzene.
We also studied the effects of (i) different solvents (THF, CH2Cl2, and Benzene), (ii) different surface functional groups (OH, CH3, NH2, SH, and diphenyl), and (iii) temperature, on the stacking phenomenon of discotic LCs on silicon surfaces. In part (i) our results showed that discotic LC ester had different morphologies on silicon surfaces due to differences in solvent polarity and evaporation rate. In part (ii), we observed that different surface functional groups did not affect the intermolecular interaction between either the ester- or acid-type LC molecules. For the acid-type LC, strong hydrogen bonding interactions with the surface caused the crystals to form rod-like fiber structures. However, the ester-type LC molecules formed ribbon-like stacks on the surfaces. For functional groups containing CH3 (more hydrophobic surfaces), we observed no LC molecules on the surface, which was likely due to the poor wettability of the solvents on OTS. In part (iii), we observed that both acid and ester discotic LCs formed large aggregates on the surfaces due to a “ripening effect”. With increased temperature, the molecules were able to overcome the wetting interaction with the surface and self-aggregate into three-dimensional clusters.
目次 Table of Contents
第一章 序論 1
1-1 液晶的發明 1
1-2 液晶的分類 2
1-2.1 桿狀液晶 2
1-3 盤狀液晶 5
1-3.1 向列型盤狀液晶 5
1-3.2 管柱型盤狀液晶(Columnar) 6
1-4 盤狀液晶的應用 9
1-4.1 液晶顯示器-視角補償膜 9
1-4.2 太陽能電池 10
1-4.3 場效電晶體 (FETs) 11
1-4.4 分子通道 13
1-4.5 有機發光二極體(OLED) 13
1-5 研究目的 14
第二章 實驗部份 17
2-1接觸角量測儀 17
2-1.1 原理 17
2-1.2 實驗使用的接觸角儀 19
2-2紅外線光譜儀 19
2-2.1 原理 19
2-2.2 實驗使用的紅外線光譜儀 21
2-2.3 參數設定 21
2-3原子力顯微鏡 23
2-3.1 基本原理 23
2-3.2 AFM的操作模式 26
2-3.3 AFM的應用與用途 28
2-3.4 實驗使用的AFM儀器 28
2-4核磁共振儀 29
2-4.1 原理 29
2-4.2實驗使用的核磁共振儀器 29
2-5實驗使用的材料 30
2-5.1基板(Silicon substrate) 30
2-5.2 盤狀液晶化合物 31
2-5.3 有機溶劑 31
2-5.4 Organic silane(自組裝的母液) 32
2-6 基板處理過程 32
2-6.1 基板前處理 32
2-6.2 製備不同官能基的表面 33
2-7 溶液配置 33
2-8 樣品製備 34
第三章 結果與討論 35
3-1盤狀液晶酯類在不同有機溶劑中的聚集情形 35
3-2 溶劑對盤狀液晶酯類堆疊的影響 41
3-3 表面不同官能基對盤狀液晶酯及盤狀液晶酸堆疊的影響 50
3-4 溫度對盤狀液晶酯及盤狀液晶酸堆疊的影響 66
第四章 結論 79
參考文獻 80
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