在目前液晶顯示器(LCD)中，大多採取摩擦聚亞醯胺(polyimide，
PI)薄膜使之成為液晶配向膜，然而此種摩擦接觸式的配向方法會讓
薄膜表面產生雜質、靜電等污染而降低LCD 生產良率，故非接觸式
配向法如光配向、電漿配向等為目前研究開發的重點。本研究採用非
接觸方式，與摩擦配向法相較之下減少了許多表面汙染。
聚二甲基矽氧烷(polydimethylsiloxane，PDMS)材料與常用配向膜
材料聚亞醯胺相較之下，前者具高透明性、高穩定性、低毒性及高疏
水性(低表面能19 mJ/m^2)等優點。因PDMS 具有低表面能特性，所以
製成薄膜時不需經過表面處理即可形成垂直配向膜。另一方面，偶氮
染料屬於桿狀分子，可藉由吸收偏振光帶動分子轉動，本實驗是以
PDMS 摻雜偶氮染料-甲基紅(methyl red，MR)製作配向膜，並利用一
道線性偏振光引致偶氮染料分子旋轉，於PDMS 薄膜表面造成微結
構起伏，進而調控液晶分子之配向。
我們利用氙燈(200-1200nm)與短波段紫外光(300-500nm)，於不同
入射角與光強度照射PDMS 配向膜，探討不同溫度對於配向膜之影
響。以原子力顯微鏡(AFM)掃描經過氙燈照射下的薄膜，其表面具有
微結構變化，且在實驗中也發現液晶分子產生傾角上的變化。

Nowadays, the common method to make an alignment layer of
liquid crystal display is rubbing Polyimide (P.I.) thin film, Unfortunately,
the rubbing method will reduce the yield of LCDs because of the particles,
electrons, etc. created during rubbing on the surface of PI film. therefore
many effort have been made to develop the non-contacting method such
as photo alignment, plasma alignment, etc. This research focus on the
non-contacting method, we hope it will reduce many pollution compared
to rubbing alignment.
Comparing with PI, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) possess higher
transparency, batter stability in thermal and chemical, and lower surface
free energy about 19 mJ/m^2. Due to the low surface free energy, PDMS
can be used as a vertical alignment layer without any surface treatment.
Methyl Red (MR) PDMS mixed with PDMS will be used as an alignment
layer in this experiment. And the rod-like azo-dye will change its
molecular to rotate because the absorption of linear polarized light. By
changing the s MR to rotate, we can obtain a
micro groove structure
on PDMS surface and control the direction
of liquid crystals further.
Xenon lamp(100nm-1200nm) and the ultraviolet ray lamp
(300-500nm) were used in this experiment for thin film. Samples were
exposure with different incident angle and intensity of light, respectively,
and discussed with different temperature as a factor. According to atomic
force microscope ( AFM ) result, we can obtain a PDMS surface with
micro groove structure by using Xe lamp and ultraviolet ray, and we can
observe the changing tilt angle of liquid crystals by polarized optical
microscope (POM).

中文摘要............................................................................................... I
Abstract ..................................................................................................... II
致謝 .......................................................................................................... IV
目錄 ............................................................................................................ V
圖目錄 ...................................................................................................... IX
表目錄 ..................................................................................................... XII
第一章 緒論............................................................................................... 1
第二節 液晶基本原理簡介 ...................................................................... 3
2-1 液晶態 .......................................................................................... 3
2-1-1 溶致型 ................................................................................ 4
2-1-2 熱致型 ................................................................................ 4
2-1-3 向列型 ................................................................................ 5
2-1-4 層列型 ................................................................................ 5
2-1-5 膽固醇型 ............................................................................ 6
2-2 光學異向性 .................................................................................. 7
2-3 秩序參數 .................................................................................... 10
2-4 液晶的介電常數異向性 ............................................................ 11
2-5 液晶盒 ........................................................................................ 12
2-6 偏光顯微鏡下觀察 .................................................................... 13
第三章實驗相關理論介紹 .................................................................... 14
3-1 表面能理論 ................................................................................ 14
3-1-1 分子互相作用力 .............................................................. 14
3-1-1 表面能單位 ...................................................................... 15
3-1-2 接觸角 .............................................................................. 16
3-1-3 表面能對於液晶分子之影響 .......................................... 17
3-1-4 表面能計算 ...................................................................... 18
3-1-5 動態表面能 ...................................................................... 20
3-2 偶氮染料 .................................................................................21
3-2-1 二色性 .............................................................................. 21
3-2-2 Gibbon model ................................................................... 22
第四章材料介紹與實驗架構 ................................................................ 23
4-1 材料介紹 .................................................................................... 23
4-1-1 聚二甲基矽氧烷材料介紹 .............................................. 23
4-1-2 甲基紅 .............................................................................. 25
4-1-3 液晶與配向膜 .................................................................. 27
4-2 儀器介紹 .................................................................................... 28
4-2-1 表面能分析儀 .................................................................. 28
4-2-2 氙燈 .................................................................................. 29
4-2-3 紫外光照射儀 .................................................................. 30
4-3 實驗流程 .................................................................................... 31
4-3-1 流程介紹 .......................................................................... 31
4-3-2 清洗ITO 玻璃 ................................................................. 32
4-3-3 調配溶液 .......................................................................... 32
4-3-4 氙燈照射儀架構 .............................................................. 34
4-3-5 紫外光儀照射架構 .......................................................... 35
4-3-6 聚亞醯胺垂直配向膜 ...................................................... 36
4-3-7 液晶盒構造 ...................................................................... 36
4-3-8 液晶灌注 .......................................................................... 37
第五章 結果與討論 ................................................................................ 38
5-1 PDMS 表面能分析 .................................................................... 38
5-1-1 SE-4811 表面能分析 ........................................................ 38
5-1-2 表面能匹配性 .................................................................. 39
5-3 影響變因 .................................................................................... 41
5-4 氙燈照射儀光配向 .................................................................... 41
5-4-1 角度變化 .......................................................................... 41
5-4-2 溫度變化 .......................................................................... 44
5-4-3 緩慢降溫 .......................................................................... 46
5-4-4 光強度變化 ...................................................................... 47
5-5 紫外光儀照射 ............................................................................ 49
5-5-1 紫外光平行入射 .............................................................. 49
5-5-2 汞燈聚焦曝光 .................................................................. 50
5-6 壽命測試 .................................................................................... 52
5-6-1 溫度測試 .......................................................................... 52
5-6-2 保存時間測試 .................................................................. 53
5-7 動態接觸角分析 ........................................................................ 54
5-8 原子力顯微鏡(AFM)分析表面形態....................................... 56
第六章 結論............................................................................................. 59
文獻參考 ................................................................................................... 61

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