本論文將探討應用電力線通訊技術作為家用電力線長時間老化的偵測以及電線走火的預防。火災一向是危害我們生命及財產的重大災害，而其中電線走火佔了相當部份的比例，即使現在家庭電路普遍裝設過電斷路器及保險絲，電線走火的發生依然屢見不鮮。現行的電力線通訊技術是將家用電力線當作訊號傳輸的媒介，其通道特性會隨電力線環境變化而被影響。我們希望能透過分析家用線路在高頻時所呈現之傳輸特性，在線路環境隨長時間過去而劣化而發生的改變，並且反過來藉由偵測電力線高頻特性之改變作為判斷線路老舊的依據，並進一步作為電線走火之防範。最後，我們將偵測的方法與PLC系統做結合，讓其在連接電力線上傳遞訊息的同時還能有通道診斷的功能，在不增加太多系統成本下增加其附加價值。

In this thesis, we will discuss aging line detection and electrical fire precaution by using powerline communication technique. Fire is always a serious disaster which endangers our lives and property. Electrical fire is a major proportion of fire disaster. Even every house generally setup circuit breaker and fuse in time, electrical fire still occurred oftentimes.
Current powerline communication technology is using household powerline as a medium of signal transmission, whose channel characteristic will be affected by surrounding environment. We hope that we can analyze the change of transmission characteristic in high frequency of household powerline, which deterioration during long time. At the same time, we will detect variation of high frequency characteristic of powerline as the basis for judgment of aging line, to prevent electrical fire further.
Finally, we combine our approach into PLC system, which can also diagnose the line while transmission of powerline at the same time, adding the value without having too much cost.

誌 謝............................................................................................................................. i
摘 要.......................................................................................................................... iii
Abstract ......................................................................................................................... iv
目 錄............................................................................................................................ v
第一章 序論............................................................................................................ 1
1.1 研究動機.................................................................................................... 1
1.2 論文大綱.................................................................................................... 2
1.3 研究方法.................................................................................................... 2
第二章 電線走火.................................................................................................... 3
2.1 電線走火主要常見原因............................................................................ 3
2.2 老舊線路特徵............................................................................................ 7
2.3 防範電線走火的方法................................................................................ 8
第三章 電力線物理模型分析.............................................................................. 11
3.1 雙線傳輸線等效模型.............................................................................. 11
3.2 時域反射分析.......................................................................................... 17
3.3 老舊電力線之特性變化.......................................................................... 24
第四章 電力線劣化之情形探討.......................................................................... 28
4.1 一般家庭電力線路配置介紹.................................................................. 28
4.2 絕緣層剝落對電力線阻抗之影響.......................................................... 29
4.3 絕緣層剝落之TDR模擬........................................................................ 30
4.4 絕緣層剝落之TDR量測結果................................................................ 32
第五章 用電力線通訊技術實現TDR分析........................................................ 35
5.1 電力線通訊技術介紹.............................................................................. 35
5.2 用電力線通訊技術實現TDR分析之可行性探討................................ 37
5.3 模擬結果.................................................................................................. 41
第六章 結論.......................................................................................................... 48
參考文獻...................................................................................................................... 49

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