本研究以中間相微碳球（Mesocarbon microbeads, MCMB）製備超級電容器之碳電極，探討導電碳黑的添加量對電容特性的影響，找出具最佳電容特性之碳電極製備參數;並使用LiClO4和LiBOB之鋰鹽與NMP溶劑來製備膠態電解質，以阻抗頻譜分析（EIS）和恆電流充放電測試（Charge-discharge tests）來討論不同鋰鹽製備的膠態電解質對超級電容器特性之影響;最後以恆電流充放電測試（Charge-discharge tests）評估在膠態電解質在不同厚度及不同環境下溫度對超級電容特性之影響。
研究結果顯示，使用具高比表面積（2620 m2/g）的中間相微碳球，並添加5 wt.%的碳黑，可製備出具最佳電容特性的碳電極，其比電容值於水系電解質（1 M KOH）中為260.48 F/g。此外，由於使用LiClO4製備之膠態電解質其本體阻抗、與碳電極之介面阻抗、元件衰退率及元件之比電容值皆優於使用LiBOB製備之膠態電解質，故本研究選定LiClO4作為製作超級電容器之膠態電解質之離子傳導材料。但由於所得到之超級電容器之衰退率高達39.26%，因此添加離子溶液至膠態電解質中，可使得超級電容器之衰退率降至2.66%。根據文獻得知，適當的膠態電解質厚度對於超級電容器之電容特性有益，實驗結果顯示在膠態電解質厚度為177 μm時，有最佳比電容值234.22 F/g，此時能量密度與功率密度為203.13 Wh/kg及1.61 kW/kg。

In this study, the carbon electrode of supercapacitor was fabricated by using mesocarbon microbeads. For finding the optimal processing parameters of carbon electrode, the capacitative properties of supercapacitor are investigated. To prepare the polymer gel electrolyte, NMP solution and two lithium salts, LiClO4 and LiBOB were adopted. The influences of different lithium salts of polymer gel electrolyte on the characteristics of supercapacitor are studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and charge-discharge tests. Besides, the influences of different thicknesses of polymer gel electrolyte and different environment temperatures on the characteristics of supercapacitor are studied by using charge-discharge tests.
Experimental results reveal that the optimum carbon electrode can be obtained using mesocarbon microbeads with high specific surface area (2620 m2/g) and adding 5 wt.% carbon black. The specific capacitance of carbon electrode in 1 M KOH is 260.48 F/g. Besides, the ohmic impedance, interface impedance with carbon electrode, rate of decline and specific capacity of polymer gel electrolyte prepared by LiClO4 are better than those prepared by LiBOB, so LiClO4 is selected the lithium salt ion of supercapacitor in this study. But the rate of decline of specific capacitance reach up to 39.26% after 30 times charge-discharge tests, so the ionic liquid is added to the polymer gel electrolyte, to reduce the rate of decline to 2.66%. According to literatures, appropriate thickness of polymer gel electrolyte is beneficial on the characteristics of capacitance. Experimental results reveal that the highest specific capacitance is 234.22 F/g when the thickness of polymer gel electrolyte is 177 μm in this study, then the energy density and the power density are 203.13 Wh/kg and 1.61 kW/kg.

目錄
論文審定書
誌謝
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章 前言 1
1-1 概述 1
1-2 超級電容器文獻回顧 4
1-2-1 活性碳電極文獻探討 4
1-2-2 膠態電解質文獻探討 6
1-3 研究動機 7
1-4 研究內容 9
第二章 理論 10
2-1 超級電容器材料之簡介 10
2-2 超級電容器結構 12
2-2-1 集電板 13
2-2-2 碳電極層 13
2-2-3 電解質層 14
2-3 超級電容器電極製成方式 16
2-4 超級電容器的工作原理 17
2-4-1 電雙層電容儲能原理 17
2-5 電化學特性 21
2-5-1 二極式與三極式電容器 21
2-5-2 電化學電容器之電容測定方法 23
2-6 阻抗頻譜分析理論 27
2-6-1 EIS理論 27
2-6-2 等效電路與模擬 28
2-6-3 常見電路元件之電化學物理意義 30
第三章 實驗 34
3-1 碳電極製備 35
3-1-1 碳膏製備材料 35
3-1-2 碳膏調配 35
3-1-3 基板之準備與清洗 35
3-1-4 碳電極之塗佈 37
3-1-5 電極薄膜製程參數 37
3-2 膠態電解質製備 38
3-2-1 膠態電解質製備材料 38
3-2-2 膠態電解質之製備 40
3-3 超級電容器製作 40
3-4 電極薄膜物性分析 41
3-4-1 比表面積與孔徑分析 41
3-4-2 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡（Field emission scanning electron microscope, FE-SEM）分析 44
3-5 阻抗頻譜分析 45
3-6 電化學特性分析 45
3-6-1 循環伏安（Cyclic voltammogram, CV）分析 46
3-6-2 恆電流充放電測試（Charge-discharge tests） 47
3-6-3 能量密度與功率密度 47
第四章 結果與討論 48
4-1 添加不同重量百分比碳黑對超級電容特性之影響 48
4-1-1 循環伏安分析 48
4-2 以LiClO4或LiBOB製備膠態電解質對超級電容特性之影響 51
4-2-1 膠態電解質之交流阻抗分析 51
4-2-2超級電容器元件之交流阻抗分析 52
4-2-3恆電流充放電測試 53
4-3 改善膠態電解質之穩定度 56
4-3-1 恆電流充放電測試 56
4-4 探討不同膠態電解質厚度對超級電容特性之影響 58
4-4-1 膠態電解質剖面結構SEM分析 58
4-4-2 恆電流充放電測試 59
4-5 探討不同環境溫度對超級電容特性之影響 60
4-5-1 充放電效率分析 60
4-5-2 能量密度與功率密度 61
第五章 結論 63
參考文獻 65
附錄 70

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