光電開關元件大多以半導體製程製作，其製程較為複雜，有鑑於此，我們提出將向列相液晶(nematic liquid crystals)注入柵式電極槽中，槽中液晶分子導軸隨著外加柵型電場分佈而有所不同，因液晶分子為單光軸晶體，其Δn 隨外加電壓增加而變大，經由電壓的調制得以控制雷射光在各閘道間的選擇性行進。

We propose to develop a voltage-controllable multi-guide directional coupler in a planar nematic liquid crystal cell. The ITO grating-like electrodes are fabricated by the etching technique, and the director of liquid crystals will be aligned to the direction of applied electric field. Owing to the uniaxial property of liquid crystals, the difference of refractive index between two neighboring channels is increased with the applied voltage. Therefore, the coupling efficiency among grating-like multi-guide is also increased with the applied voltage. By using the combination of microscope and CCD system, the dynamic coupling can be observed under the distribution of grating-like electric field. The propagation of light in each channel can be selected by the controllable voltage between the electrodes of the individual channel. The intensity distribution of coupling in the transverse direction can be obtained by analyzing the image captured from the microscope and CCD system.

中文摘要
英文摘要
第一章 序論……………………………………………………………1
§ 1-1 前言………………………………………………………1
§ 1-2 液晶簡介…………………………………………………1
§ 1-2-1 何謂液晶………………………………………2
§ 1-2-2 液晶的分類……………………………………3
第二章 理論基礎………………………………………………………8
§ 2-1 液晶物理…………………………………………………8
§ 2-1-1 液晶的光學異向性……………………………8
§ 2-1-2 液晶的連續體彈性形變理論…………………10
§ 2-1-3 外加電場對絕緣向列液晶的影響……………11
§ 2-2 Conoscopy………………………………………………14
§ 2-3 預傾角量測……………………………………………15
§ 2-4 波導形式………………………………………………16
§ 2-5 光在Gaussian分佈行進的形式………………………20
第三章 樣品製作與實驗方法………………………………………29
§ 3-1 光罩製作………………………………………………29
§ 3-2 樣品製作………………………………………………30
§ 3-3 實驗方法與架構………………………………………33
第四章 結果與討論…………………………………………………35
§ 4-1 樣品檢測………………………………………………35
§ 4-1-1 Conoscopy……………………………………35
§ 4-1-2 TN cell 臨界電壓……………………………36
§ 4-2 實驗結果………………………………………………37
§ 4-2-1 固定偏振、改變電壓值………………………37
§ 4-2-1-1 改變引光通道所施電壓…………38
§ 4-2-1-2 改變引光道單側比鄰道所施電壓40
§ 4-2-1-3 等量改變引光與比鄰道所施電壓42
§ 4-2-1-4 固定引光道之電壓值
改變比鄰通道所施電壓…………45
§ 4-2-2 固定電壓值、改變偏振………………………48
§ 4-2-2-1 固定比鄰通道電壓值、改變偏振49
§ 4-2-2-2 固定引光道與比鄰通道電壓值
改變偏振…………………………52
第五章 結論與未來展望……………………………………………55
§ 5-1 結論……………………………………………………55
§ 5-2 未來展望………………………………………………56
參考文獻………………………………………………………………57

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