磁振影像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 簡稱MRI) 提供臨床上非侵入式的應用。法洛式四重症患者的心臟有四種主要的缺陷。在接受臨床手術後，患者的心臟仍不能提供和正常人一樣足夠的血流量。在本研究中，我們使用向位對比影像替矯正後患者的肺動脈做血流逆流和紊流評估，並使用參數coefficient of variance (CV), regurgitant fraction (RF), normalized area variation (NAV)分析患者和正常人的差異。結果顯示CV和regurgitant fraction相關性並不緊密。本篇研究也能許幫助醫生做臨床上的診斷。

我們也使用另外三個參數比較正常人和患者的差異。我們使用windkessel volume討論進血流和出血流的差值。使用pulse wave velocity (PWV)分析壓力波傳遞速度。使用pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)分析血管壁阻力。雖然PWV和PVR因為於心臟週期內取點數的不足導致資訊的喪失，但研究的結果也可做為參考之用。

Magnetic resonance imaging nowadays supplies a noninvasive method in clinical applications. For tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients, after undergoing clinical operation, their cardiac anatomy still cannot supply sufficient blood flow in the pulmonary arteries with respect to the normal. In this study, we use phase contrast MR imaging to evaluate of regurgitation and turbulence of flow in pulmonary arteries after repair of TOF. We use parameters such as coefficient of variance (CV), regurgitant fraction (RF), and normalized area variation (NAV) to analyze the difference between repaired patients and normal controls. Our result also shows that CV and regurgitant fraction have loose relation. This study may provide more information to help doctors in clinical diagnosis.

In the meanwhile, another three parameters were used to evaluate patients and normal persons. We use windkessel volume to see the difference of flow volume between inlet and outlet in the pulmonary arteries. We use pulse wave velocity (PWV) to discuss the propagating velocity of pressure wave on the vascular wall. We use pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to analyze the resistance of blood wall. PWV and PVR may lose information by means of insufficient points in a cardiac cycle, but the result may still be a kind of reference.

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.1.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
1.1.2 Phase Contrast Imaging
1.1.3 Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
1.2 Literature
1.2.1 Fontan
1.2.2 Regurgitant Fraction
1.2.3 Windkessel volume
1.2.4 Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV)
1.2.5 Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)
1.3 Motivation
1.4 Synopsis
Chapter 2 Materials and Methods
2.1 PC MR images
2.2 data pre-processing
2.2.1 ROI
2.2.2 vector projection
2.3 analysis parameters
2.3.1 CV
2.3.2 Net Flow
2.3.3 Regurgitant Fraction
2.3.4 Normalized Area Variation
2.3.5 Windkessel Volume
2.3.6 Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV)
2.3.7 Pulse Vascular Resistance (PVR)
Chapter 3 Results
3.1 Subjects
3.2 CV
3.3 Regurgitant Fraction
3.4 Normalized Area Variation
3.5 Correlation between CV-mean and RF
3.6 Correlation between Net Flow and CV
3.7 Correlation between NAV and RF
3.8 Correlation between NAV and CV-mean
3.9 Windkessel Volume
3.10 Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV)
3.11 Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)
Chapter 4 Discussion and Conclusions
4.1 Discussion
4.2 Conclusions
References

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