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博碩士論文 etd-0728110-093946 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0728110-093946
論文名稱
Title
白斑蕨螟的跳蛛擬態分析及分類
Analyzing and classifying the jumping spider of Eugaria albidentata
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
27
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2010-06-10
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2010-07-28
關鍵字
Keywords
因素分析、集群分析、概似比檢定
likelihood ratio test, cluster analysis, factor analysis
統計
Statistics
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中文摘要
在物競天擇的機制下,會迫使生物為生存而產生自然的演化。跳蛛具有敏銳視覺並且被認為是陸生節肢動物的主要捕食壓力之一。許多物種藉由擬態成類似跳蛛的外貌而從中受益。在本研究中,我們探討白斑蕨螟蛾的跳蛛擬態行為,根據王牧芸(2009b),藉由毛朵兜跳蛛對不同實驗對象(雄毛垛兜跳蛛、雌毛垛兜跳蛛、雄褐條斑蠅虎、雌褐條斑蠅虎、蕨螟蛾、白斑蕨螟蛾)的行為進行數據分析。利用不同的統計方法,如概似比檢定、因素分析、集群分析,分辨毛朵兜跳蛛對白斑蕨螟蛾的行為較類似於哪個群體,由分析得知毛朵兜跳蛛對白斑蕨螟蛾的行為較類似於雌毛垛兜跳蛛及雌褐條斑蠅虎,而與外表無特色同為蕨螟亞科的蕨螟蛾差異甚大。
Abstract
Under the mechanism of natural selection, creatures are forced to evolve naturally in order to survive. Keen-sighted jumping spiders have long been considered as the main predation pressure of terrestrial arthropod. Many species benefit from mimicking the appearance of jumping spider. In this study according to the experimental data from Wang (2009b), a data analysis is undertaken concerning male Ptocasius strupifer’s behavior to different subject groups, namely, male Ptocasius strupifer, female Ptocasius strupifer, male Plexippus paykulli, female Plexippus paykulli, Cataclysta angulata and Eugauria albidentata, so as to investigate the jumping spider mimicry of Eugauria albidentata. In this work, our interest is to compare the behavior of male Ptocasius strupifer on Eugauria albidentata with there of the other five groups mentioned above, and identify which one is the most similar to there of Eugauria albidentata . We use different statistical methods, i.e. likelihood ratio test, factor analysis and cluster analysis to evaluate the closeness of the behavior between different groups. According to the analysis result, it shows that the behavior of Ptocasius strupifer towards Eugauria albidentata is more similar to those of both female Ptocasius strupifer and female Plexippus paykulli. Moreover there is a wide discrepancy between Eugauria albidentata and Cataclysta angulata, although both of them belong to Musotiminae.
目次 Table of Contents
1 前言1
2 蜘蛛行為基本資料分析3
3 不同的檢定方法及工具4
3.1 K-W 檢定(Kruskal-Wallis Test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2 概似比檢定(Likelihood Ratio Test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3 因素分析(Factor Analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4 集群分析(Cluster Analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.5 排列檢定(Permutation Test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4 不同檢定方法下的檢定結果6
4.1 分析各群動作動作總數. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2 分析各群動作比例相似程度. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.3 利用變量之間相關性將變量合併分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.4 不同相似量度及演算法下的集群結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.5 使用模擬方法,判斷各群動作比例是否相同. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5 結論15
6 參考文獻16
7 參考網站16
8 附錄17
8.1 使用概似比統計量λ 值以及完全連結法的過程及結果. . . . . . . . 17
8.2 不同性別的毛朵兜跳蛛對於白斑蕨螟的動作比較. . . . . . . . . . . . 18
參考文獻 References
參考文獻
1.Agresti, A. (2002). Categorical Data Analysis, 2nd ed. John Wiley. New York.

2.Bates, H.W. (2007). The Naturalist on the River Amazons Vol II. Naval & Military Press. New Jersey.

3.Casella, G. and Berger, R.L. (2002). Statistical Inference, 2nd ed. Duxbury. California.

4.Kvam, P.H. and Vidakovic, B. (2007). Nonparametric Statistics with Applications to Science and Engineering. John Wiley. New York.

5.Montgomery, D.C. (2007). Design and Analysis of Experiments, 6th ed. John Wiley. New York.

6.Pasteur, G. (1982). A classificatory review of mimicry systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,
13, 169-199.

7.Rencher, A.C. (2002). Methods of Multivariate Analysis, 2nd ed. John Wiley. New York.

8.Ross, S.M. (2002). Simulation, 3th ed. Academic Press. San Diego.

9.Wang, M. (2009a). Exploring the jumping spider mimicry of Eugauria albidentata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Musotiminae) through ethological and visual ecological approaches. Master's thesis.
Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University.

10.Wang, M. (2009b). Exploring the jumping spider mimicry of Eugauria albidentata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Musotiminae) through ethological and visual ecological approaches, Part II. Unpublished
manuscript. Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University.

11.Zaret, T.M. (1977). Inhibition of cannibalism in Cichla ocellaris and hypothesis of predator mimicry among South American fishes. Evolution, 31, 421-437.

參考網站
1. http://gaga.jes.mlc.edu.tw/9702bx

2. http://www.°ickr.com/photos/spideryang/

3. http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/

4. http://www.tzjsyxw.cn/tresearch/blog
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