在海洋中輻射訊號是以聲波為佳，因此選擇聲波來做水下探測與訊號傳遞。這些應用會接收到環境噪音，而這些噪音會影響水下聲波傳遞。為了提升海下探測和通訊的品質，加強對環境噪音的瞭解是很重要的。以往文獻中，說明深海的噪音級會隨深度明顯遞減，那淺海的環境噪音會不會也受垂直深度影響？在過去關於海洋環境噪音和深度的探討，大部分都是作深海研究，其主要原因是大尺度變化，才容易顯現其中差異。但是，淺海海域的深度變化不大，如果套用深海理論來說明，是不是有欠缺考量的地方呢？公元2001年在南中國海的『亞洲海域國際聲學實驗』(簡稱ASIAEX)，屬於大陸棚裂，所以可藉此研究深度對淺海的影響。另外在觀測期間，遇到熱帶低氣壓『西馬隆』(Cimaron)颱風(2001年5月10~14日)經過，颱風所引起的外圍環流，也記錄在此觀測中。本研究的結果顯示，溫度與時間的分佈可推測午後效應會影響環境噪音在深度上的變化。其次是颱風會嚴重影響深度分佈下的環境噪音，也造成雲層阻隔了日照及海水溫度的變化，相對地減少午後效應的發生。最後，環境噪音對淺海深度的改變沒有太大變化，但卻會受到溫度、頻率的變化和內波的發生而有所改變。

Of all the forms of radiation known, sound travels through the sea the best, therefore it is widely used in underwater detection and signal transmission. However, the ambient noise in the ocean will affect the quality of these applications, so that understanding of ambient noise is important for improving acoustic capability. Previous literatures show that ambient noise at deep water should decrease with depth, but would it be the same in the shallow? Most studies of ambient noise were made at deep water in the past, the reason is that great depth variation of ambient noise is easily observed. The ASIAEX 2001 South China Sea experiment is on the continental shelf-break, so the depth effect of ambient noise in shallow water can be explored. A typhoon shall affect experimental zone during May 10-14, 2001. From the results of this study, afternoon effect shall affect distribution of temperature and ambient noise under water depth. The other, a typhoon can not only affect seriously ambient noise, but also intercept the shine and variation of sea temperature, and reduce afternoon effect. Another, ambient noise has insignificant change with depth, however it’s is much affected by the variation of temperature, frequency, and occurrence of internal wave.

目 錄
摘要……………………………………………………………………i
目錄……………………………………………………………………iii
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………vii
表目錄…………………………………………………………………xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景……………………………………………………… 1
1.2 海洋環境噪音………………………………………………… 2
1.3文獻回顧………………………………………………………. 3
1.3.1 環境噪音和深度…………………………………………. 4
1.4 亞洲海域國際聲學實驗……………………………………… 6
1.5研究目的與論文架構…………………………………………. 6
第二章 實驗架構 8
2.1實驗地點與時間………………………………………………. 8
2.1.1 儀器佈放時間……………………………………………. 9
2.2 主要儀器……………………………………………………… 11
2.2.1 水平線陣列/垂直線陣列………………………………… 11
2.2.2 深海聲源…………………………………………………. 15
2.2.3 淺海聲源…………………………………………………. 16
2.2.4 拖曳式J-15-3 聲源……………………………………… 17
2.2.5 燈泡聲源…………………………………………………. 18
2.3 氣象與風速…………………………………………………… 18
第三章 相關理論 22
3.1 訊號處理……………………………………………………… 22
3.1.1 快速傅立葉轉換…………………………………………. 22
3.1.2 訊號濾波…………………………………………………. 22
3.1.3 視窗化處理………………………………………………. 24
3.2 統計理論……………………………………………………… 25
3.2.1 迴歸分析…………………………………………………. 25
3.2.2 標準偏差…………………………………………………. 28
3.2.3 相關系數…………………………………………………. 28
第四章 訊號前處理與流程 30
4.1 訊號前處理…………………………………………………… 30
4.1.1 頻率範圍…………………………………………………. 31
4.1.2 訊號濾波…………………………………………………. 32
4.2 訊號處理流程………………………………………………… 35
4.2.1 聲音訊號…………………………………………………. 35
4.2.2 溫度訊號…………………………………………………. 39
第五章 數據分析 40
5.1 聲壓位準與頻率……………………………………………… 40
5.1.1 頻率700 Hz……………………………………………… 40
5.1.2 頻率1,000 Hz……………………………………………. 41
5.1.3 頻率1,200 Hz…………………………………………….. 42
5.1.4 相關性計算………………………………………………. 43
5.2 聲壓位準與頻率……………………………………………… 44
5.2.1 深度42 m………………………………………………… 44
5.2.1 深度76 m………………………………………………… 44
5.2.3 深度121 m……………………………………………….. 44
5.2.4 相關性計算………………………………………………. 46
5.3 溫度和深度…………………………………………………… 48
5.3.1 溫度之時間分佈圖………………………………………. 48
5.3.2 相關性計算………………………………………………. 49
5.4 聲音、溫度和深度……………………………………………. 50
第六章 結論與建議 54
6.1結論……………………………………………………………. 54
6.2 建議…………………………………………………………… 55
參考文獻 56
附錄1 57
附錄2 60
附錄3 62
附錄4 63
附錄5 64
附錄6 65

1.G.M. Wenz, “Review of Underwater Acoustics Research：Noise,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 51(3), 1010-1020, 1972.
2.R.J. Urick, Principles of underwater sound, McGraw-Hill, 1993.
3.V.O. Knudsen,R.S. Alford and,J.W. Emling “Underwater Ambient Noise,” 1948.
4.R.J. Urick, Ambient Noise in the Sea, Undersea Warfare Technology Office, 1984.
5.V.O. Knudsen and R.S. Alford and J.W. Emling, Survey of Underwater Sound Report NO. 3: Ambient Noise, Office of Scientific Research and Development Report 4333, Sect. NO. 6.1 –NDRC -1848, 1944. Also, Underwater Ambient Noise, J. Mar. Res. 7,410, 1948.
6.M. Lomask and R. Frassetto, “Acoustic Measurements in Deep Water Using the Bathyscaph,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 32, 1028-1033, 1960.
7.R.J. Urick and A.W. Pryce, A Summary of Underwater Acoustic Data, Part V, Background Noise, Office of Naval Research, 1954.
8.F. Ingenito and S. Wolf, “Site dependence of wind-dominated ambient noise in shallow water,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 85(1), 141-145, 1989.
9.R. L. Pirie, "A Study of Ambient Noise in Shallow Water," Masters Thesis, Florida Atlantic University, 1999.
10.E. M. Arase , T. Arase,“Ambient Sea Noise in the Deep and Shallow Ocean,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 23,February 1967
11.A.J. Perrone, “Ambient Noise Levels as a Function of Water Depth,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 48, 362-370, 1960.
12.J. A. Shooter , T. E. Demary, A. F. Wttenborn,“Depth Dependence of Noise Resulting From Ship Traffic and wind”, IEEE Journal of Oceanic,15, 1990.
13.Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Preliminary Acoustic and Oceanographic Observations from the ASIAEX 2001 South China Sea Experiment, Technical Report, September 2001.
14.唐存勇，簡介亞洲海域國際水中聲學實驗，自然科學簡訊第十三卷第一期，民國90年2月
15.http://netcity1.web.hinet.net/UserData/fctsal/mseq/mseq.htm#0
16.http://brian66660.tripod.com/b4/0101_cimaron/0101_cimaron.htm
17.黎文明譯，快速傅立葉轉換
18.蒙以正，以MATLAB透視DSP，1999年9月
19.http://www.ana-tech.com/product/BASIC_FILTER_RESPONSES.htm
20.林丕靜，數值分析，2001年3月
21.D.E. Newland, Random Vibrations, Spectral and Wavelet Analysis, 1993.
22.湯麟武，港灣及海域工程，中國土木工程學會，民國90年3月