摘要
本文將磷灰石單晶礦物垂直或平行c軸切割，並且於30°C，pH值=0- 3值之緩衝溶液中，做靜態基底面(0001)及側面(10 0)的溶解實驗，以評估軸向及差排露頭處的溶解行為。於pH=0- 3 範圍內，且經過一段孕核期之後，均出現六邊形之溶蝕坑及溶蝕丘，隨時間長大，並碰撞合併在一起。但是在pH =0所得之溶蝕坑，有較明顯的台地(terrace)，且(10 0)面上的溶蝕丘並不明顯。一般而言，形成溶蝕丘的地方是屬於較抗腐蝕的地方。而(0001)面上的溶蝕坑，則是[0001]方向差排的露頭處，因雜質偏析，造成鄰近溶液未飽和而孕核與成長，是一個原子從紐結(kink)位置離開的過程，其臨界核的大小取決於溶液的pH值和溶液的不飽和程度。在pH=0-1條件下，[0001]方向的溶解速率大於< 10 0 >方向的溶解速率，而< 11 0 >方向大致上與<10 0>方向之溶解速率相等。因此(0001)面上之溶蝕坑形狀為六角形，在pH=0-3之情況下，其異向溶解速率為
rate(mole / m2h)＝kaH+n
對[0001]方向及<10 0>方向其k分別為2.15、1.61；n分別為1.44、1.30。並且其溶解速率在不同pH值下的關係為
[0001] > <10 0> ≒ <11 0> for pH=0-1
<10 0> ≒ <11 0> > [0001] for pH=2-3

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目錄 頁次
論文摘要 Ⅰ
目錄 Ⅲ
圖表目錄 Ⅴ
一、前言 1
二、文獻回顧 4
三、研究動機 8
3.1.磷灰石產狀 8
3.2.物理性質. 9
3.3.結構特性 9
3.4.氫氧基磷灰石結構中的離子取代現象 10
3.5.研究重點 10
四、實驗步驟 11
4.1.切割試片 11
4.2. X光繞射分析 11
4.3.感應偶合電漿質譜儀 12
4.4.拉曼光譜 12
4.5.浸泡實驗 13
4.6.偏光顯微鏡 13
4.7.掃瞄式電子顯微鏡觀察 14
4.8.穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察 14
五、結果 14
5.1.X-光繞射分析 15
5.2.磷灰石單晶之SEM及EPMA成分分析 15
5.3.拉曼光譜分析 15
5.4. (0001)及(10 0)切片之TEM分析 17
5.5.(0001)切片之光學及掃瞄式電子顯微鏡觀察 17
5.6.平行c軸切片之光學顯微鏡觀察 19
5.7.酸溶解速率 20
六、討論 22
6.1.天然磷灰石的缺陷 22
6.2. 溶蝕坑的形成原因 23
6.3. 溶蝕丘的形成原因 24
6.4. 溶解反應步驟 25
6.5. 磷灰石在酸性溶液中的化學反應 26
6.6. 軸向溶解速率與pH值的關係 27
七、結論 29
八、參考文獻 30

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