本研究使用植生復育之植物(蔗渣、芒草及布袋蓮)作為製作生質酒精之原料，以全因子實驗設計法探討不同之操作因子對纖維水解之醣化率，分析反應溫度、水解時間、溶劑體積及稀硫酸濃度及植物種類對產醣率之影響。另使用微波加熱系統搭配吸波材料進行醣化水解反應，期能達到降低反應時間提高產率之效果。最後，本研究將水解前處理完之纖維殘渣以ESEM、XRD及FTIR儀器進行分析，觀察經水解後殘渣表面及結構變化，藉此輔證醣化率提升導致纖維素結構呈現破壞及減少之影響。
經由研究結果顯示，以全因子實驗設計法評估其纖維轉醣效能，影響先後順序為反應溫度、水解時間、稀硫酸濃度及溶劑體積。將蔗渣作為產醣原料，在反應溫度為100 ℃、水解時間30 min、溶劑體積30 mL及稀硫酸濃度3%之操作條件下，可獲得最佳產醣濃度約為6520 mg/L及最佳醣化率約為19.58%。將芒草為產醣原料，在反應溫度為100 ℃、水解時間30 min、溶劑體積30 mL及稀硫酸濃度3%之操作條件下，可獲得最佳產醣濃度約為5680 mg/L及最佳醣化率約為17.05%。將布袋蓮為產醣原料，在反應溫度為100 ℃、水解時間30 min、溶劑體積30 mL及稀硫酸濃度3%之操作條件下，可獲得最佳產醣濃度約為4650 mg/L及最佳醣化率約為13.94%。經由比較三種原料作物，可得知蔗渣作為產醣作物效果最佳。另從ESEM、XRD及FTIR之觀察分析，皆能看出纖維素會隨著醣化率的提高逐漸變化，纖維素不斷被破壞及減少。且經微波搭配奈米級氧化鐵之吸波材料能減少約32至40%之反應時間，能有效提升產醣率。

In this study, revegetation of plants (Bagasse, Miscanthus floridulus and Eichhornia crassipes) was assessed to be starting as materials for producing bioethanol. The method of full factorial experimental design is used to explore different parameters on conversion rates for hydrolysis reaction of fiber into fermentation sugars and analysis the influence of the reaction temperature, hydrolysis time, solvent volume, dilute sulfuric acid concentration and plant species on fermentation sugars. The hydrolysis reduces the effect of improving the reaction time by using the microwave system with absorbing materials. The fibers were observed the residue surface and structural changes after hydrolysis from the X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and Environment Scanning Electron Micrograph (ESEM). Therefore, it can be proved that the increase in saccharification rate can lead to the impact in destroyed and reduce of the cellulose structure presents.
The result shows that the order of effect for reaction temperature, hydrolysis time, dilute sulfuric acid concentration and solvent volume for fiber of water hyacinth was investigated by the method of full factorial experimental design under the operational condition of 100℃ reaction temperature, 30 min hydrolysis time, 30 mL solvent volume and 3% dilute sulfuric acid concentration. Using the bagasse, miscanthus and mater hyacinth as the raw material, the best operational condition for optimal sugar concentration was about 6520 mg/L, 5680 mg/L and 4650 mg/L. The saccharification rate was about 19.58%, 17.05% and 13.94%. Comparing with these three raw materials, sugar crops bagasse has the best effect. From the analysis of the ESEM, XRD and FTIR, the cellulose will increase as the change of saccharification rate. And it can effectively enhance the saccharification rate and reduce approximately 32% to 40% of reaction time by microwave system with nanoscale iron oxide absorbing materials.

謝誌 i
摘要 iii
目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xi
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目標 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 能源概況 4
2-2 生質酒精 7
2-2-1 生質酒精之發展 7
2-2-2 國內、外生質酒精經濟效益分析 7
2-2-2 生質酒精之原料 11
2-3 木質纖維素 14
2-3-1 纖維素 15
2-3-2 半纖維素 16
2-3-2 木質素 17
2-4 纖維酒精前處理介紹 19
2-4-1 物理前處理 20
2-4-2 化學前處理 21
2-4-3 物理-化學前處理 22
2-4-4 生物前處理 23
2-5 植生復育技術 (Phytoremediation) 25
2-5-1 植物復育機制 26
2-6 吸波材料 29
2-6-1 傳統吸波材料 29
2-6-2 奈米吸波材料 29
2-6-3 氧化鐵磁性奈米粒子 30
2-7 實驗設計法原理 32
2-8 微波系統原理 35
第三章 研究方法 37
3-1 研究架構與流程 37
3-2 木質纖維素產醣製作材料與設備 39
3-2-1 實驗材料與藥品 39
3-2-2 原料來源及前處理 40
3-2-3 實驗設備 40
3-3 實驗設計法 42
3-3-1 以全因子實驗設計法探討稀硫酸水解試驗 42
3-3-2 變異數分析 (Analysis of Variance) 44
3-4 木質纖維素成分分析 44
3-5 木質纖維素醣化方法 47
3-5-1 木質纖維素水解實驗流程 47
3-5-2 反應參數 48
3-6 濾液參數分析 48
3-6-1 還原醣DNS分析 48
3-6-2 醣類物種分析 50
3-6-3 非揮發性有機碳 (non-purgable organic carbon, NPOC) 51
3-6-4 產醣率計算 52
3-7 殘渣結構分析 53
3-7-1 表面結構分析 53
3-7-2 晶相鑑定 53
3-7-3 官能基分析 53
第四章 結果與討論 55
4-1 原料纖維組成分析 55
4-1-1 木質纖維素成分分析 55
4-2 蔗渣在不同反應條件操作下對產醣率之影響 58
4-2-1 以實驗設計法探討蔗渣產醣率之影響 58
4-2-2 以不同操作條件下探討蔗渣水解濾液NPOC值及醣類測定 62
4-2-3 以實驗設計法對蔗渣轉醣率之最適應用 64
4-2-4 以環境式掃描電子顯微鏡進行蔗渣纖維表面觀察 70
2-5 以X光粉末繞射儀進行蔗渣纖維晶相鑑定 72
4-2-6 以傅立葉轉換紅外光譜儀進行蔗渣纖維官能基分析 73
4-3 芒草在不同反應條件操作下對產醣率之影響 75
4-3-1 以實驗設計法探討芒草產醣率之影響 75
4-3-2 以不同操作條件下探討芒草水解濾液NPOC值及醣類測定 79
4-3-3 以實驗設計法對芒草轉醣率之最適應用 81
4-3-4 以環境式掃描電子顯微鏡進行芒草纖維表面觀察 87
4-3-5 以X光粉末繞射儀進行芒草纖維晶相鑑定 89
4-3-6 以傅立葉轉換紅外光譜儀進行芒草纖維官能基分析 90
4-4 布袋蓮在不同反應條件操作下對產醣率之影響 92
4-4-1 以實驗設計法探討布袋蓮產醣率之影響 92
4-4-2 以不同操作條件探討布袋蓮水解濾液NPOC值及醣類測定 96
4-4-3 以實驗設計法對布袋蓮轉醣率之最適應用 98
4-4-4 以環境式掃描電子顯微鏡進行布袋蓮纖維表面觀察 104
4-4-5 以X光粉末繞射儀進行布袋蓮纖維晶相鑑定 106
4-4-6 以傅立葉轉換紅外光譜儀進行布袋蓮纖維官能基分析 107
4-5 比較植生復育植物對產醣率之影響 109
4-5-1 加熱方式對植物產醣率之影響 109
4-5-2 反應時間對植物產醣率之影響 111
4-5-3 反應溫度對植物產醣率之影響 113
4-5-4 稀硫酸濃度對植物產醣率之影響 115
4-6 添加吸波材料之效益及相關成本分析 117
4-6-1 以添加吸波材料減少反應時間達到增加產率之效益 117
4-6-2 比較加熱方式對經濟成本之效益 119
第五章 結論與建議 121
5-1 結論 121
5-2 建議 122
參考文獻 123

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