大量太陽光伏發電系統在饋線併網時，可能會造成饋線電壓驟變，進而影響供電品質，故需要藉由控制策略來穩定電壓。目前已發展之太陽光伏發電系統電壓控制策略有固定功率因數法、固定無效功率法、虛功率對電壓特性法等，這些控制策略係利用智慧逆變器針對所屬的太陽光伏發電系統之虛功率進行控制。當饋線上有多處匯流排裝設太陽光伏發電系統且電壓升高時，若所有逆變器同時進行虛功率控制，可能形成電壓擺動的現象，進而加劇饋線電壓驟變。
本論文提出一太陽光伏發電系統之區域分散式虛功率控制，所發展之控制策略將逆變器作為一智慧電子裝置，利用IEC 61850通訊協定之通用物件導向變電所事件(Generic Object-oriented Substation Events, GOOSE)，於饋線區域內分散地交換各逆變器的電力資訊，再利用本文所推導出的虛功率對電壓變動之靈敏度關係式，進行虛功控制。所提控制策略最大的特點在於區域內各太陽光伏發電系統可分散且個別地進行控制，其於虛功率控制前先進行電力資訊的交換，溝通協調後由過電壓最高者優先進行調整，接著重新計算各太陽光伏發電系統電壓以決定是否進行下一次調整，直至所有太陽光伏發電系統電壓低於上限為止。本論文所提之區域分散式虛功率控制策略不但可有效避免逆變器同時作動之電壓驟變，更可有效避免所造成的電壓品質問題。

A large number of Photovoltaic Generation Systems (PVGSs) interconnected to a distribution feeder may cause the sudden change of feeder voltages and further affect the power supply quality. Therefore, control strategies need to be designed to stabilize the feeder voltages. The commonly used control strategies include fixed power factor method, fixed reactive power method, voltage and reactive power method and so on. These control strategies use smart inverter to control the reactive power of the PVGS to which it belongs. However, when there are several PVGSs installed at different buses of a feeder, all the smart inverters operated at the same time due to over voltages may cause the phenomenon of voltage swing and therefore increase the sudden change of feeder voltages.
A regional decentralized reactive power control for PVGSs is proposed in this thesis. With the proposed control strategy, an inverter is treated as an Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) and IEC 61850 and Generic Object-oriented Substation Events (GOOSE) are integrated into the inverter. Decentralized power information exchanges of PVGSs in a region of the feeder can then be realized. The sensitivity relations between reactive powers and bus voltages are also derived in this thesis to accomplish reactive power control. The specific characteristic of proposed control strategy is that the PVGSs in a region can be controlled in a decentralized manner. The power information exchanges are carried out before the reactive power control. After the communication was coordinated and power information was exchanged by GOOSE, the reactive power of PVGS inverter with the maximum over voltage will be adjusted. The voltages of regional PVGSs will be recalculated to decide whether to execute the next adjustment. The procedure will continue until the voltages of all PVGSs are under the upper voltage limit. The regional decentralized reactive power control strategy proposed in this thesis cannot only prevent the sudden change of feeder voltages due to the inverters operated at the same time, but also avoid the voltage quality problem caused by PVGSs.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 viii
表次 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究動機與目的 3
1.3 本文章節概要 6
第二章 太陽光伏發電系統之區域分散式虛功率控制 7
2.1太陽光伏併網規範與控制 7
2.1.1 太陽光伏併網衝擊 7
2.1.2 智慧逆變器(Smart Inverter)與控制 8
2.1.3 太陽光伏發電系統併網控制 10
2.2 區域分散式虛功率控制 14
2.2.1 匯流排注入電流對線路電流矩陣 14
2.2.2 線路電流對匯流排電壓矩陣 16
2.2.3虛功率對電壓變動之靈敏度關係式推導 17
第三章 IEC 61850 通訊協定簡介與開發 22
3.1 IEC 61850 通訊協定簡介 22
3.1.1 IEC 61850 通訊協定概述 22
3.1.2 IEC 61850 通訊協定邏輯節點與資料模型 25
3.2 通用物件導向變電所事件 28
3.2.1 通用物件導向變電所事件簡介 28
3.2.2通用物件導向變電所事件控制區塊 29
3.3 資料模型與應用 31
3.3.1 IED描述配置 31
3.3.2資料模型設計 33
3.3.3 GOOSE控制區塊及其通訊設定 35
3.4結合GOOSE之太陽光伏發電系統區域分散式虛功率控制策略 38
第四章 實驗架構與模擬結果 43
4.1實驗模擬架構 43
4.2 既有控制策略電壓問題 48
4.3 GOOSE通信驗證及軟體架構驗證 52
4.3.1 資料結構驗證 52
4.3.2 GOOSE通信驗證 55
4.4 單一照度控制結果 58
4.5 變動照度控制結果 65
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 70
5.1 結論 70
5.2未來研究方向 71
參考文獻 72

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