本論文提出電池串聯應用之電量平衡電路，此電路包含一等化開關陣列與可切換極性之返馳式轉換器。透過開關陣列的切換，可選擇電量狀態(State-of-Charge, SOC)最低的電池為目標電池，經由轉換器調節充電功率，平衡電池間的電量差異。充電平衡過程中分為標準充電、低電流偵測及個別充電三個階段，量測有載電壓，估測電池的SOC，並採定電流-定電壓(Constant-Current Constant-Voltage, CC-CV)充電法。在前兩個階段，輪流執行偵測模式與平衡模式。在偵測模式中，以相同的充電電流偵測有載電壓，找出目標電池；然後在電量平衡模式中，將目標電池充入較大的電流，以縮小電量差異。當串聯電池中任一電池電壓達CV電壓時，則切斷串聯充電路徑，依序對電池進行CC-CV充電。
本文以四顆磷酸鋰鐵電池芯進行實驗。實驗結果顯示，本文所提出的電量平衡方法，在大多實際應用情況，可於執行標準充電階段後，有效縮小各電池間的電量差異。另外，採低電流偵測，可延緩充電電壓上升速度，延長電量平衡時間，將電量差異再次縮小。最終執行個別充電，即使在電量極端不平衡的情況下，亦可將所有電池充至滿電量。

The thesis proposes a charge equalizer with a polarity-switched flyback converter and the arrayed switches for batteries connected in series. By exchanging the arrayed switches, the charger equalizer can select the target battery, which is with the lowest state-of-charge(SOC). The flyback converter utilizes the full power from charger and at the same time allocate a relatively high current to the target battery. The balance charging scheme employs the constant-current constant-voltage(CC-CV) charging method and estimates the batteries’ SOCs by the loaded voltage method. The balance charging process is accomplished by a regular charging stage, a low-current detection stage, and eventually an individual charging stage. In the first two stages, the balance charging is performed alternately by a detection mode to select a target battery and then a balancing mode to charge it with relatively large current. At the individual charging stage, the series charging current path is cut off and the charge equalizer charges the batteries one by one with CC-CV charging method.
Experiment tests are carried out on a battery power bank consisting of four serial lithium iron phosphate batteries with the proposed charge equalizer. Experiment results have shown that the charge imbalance can be effectively reduced after the regular charging stage for most practical cases. With a lower detection current, the balance charging period can be extended to further alleviate the SOC difference among the serial batteries. Eventually, all batteries can be charged to their full capacities with individual charging, even if they are initially with extreme imbalance.

目錄
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 vi
表目錄 viii
第一章 簡介 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 1
1-2 論文大綱 3
第二章 電池應用概述 4
2-1 鋰離子電池介紹 4
2-2 電池電量平衡 6
2-3 電池電量估測法 9
第三章 電池電量平衡電路 11
3-1 等化開關陣列 11
3-2 可切換極性之返馳式轉換器 13
3-3 平衡電路之工作狀態 15
3-4 充電平衡策略 18
第四章 實例驗證 20
4-1 實驗參數設定 20
4-2 充電實驗 22
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 37
5-1 結論 37
5-2 未來研究方向 38
參考文獻 39

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