本論文設計一個以數位訊號處理器（DSP）為基礎之智慧型電動機車電池充殘電管理與診斷，此系統設計新的電路架構和採用智慧型模糊充電法對電池充電。以具有精確殘電量估測之改良式庫侖量測法對電池殘電量進行估測。由實驗結果顯示，在充電器部份可以達到6~8小時之內快速且均勻充電的目的，且因為使用智慧型模糊充電法能夠智慧地依電池電壓、電量和溫度的不同，給予不同程度的充電電流，所以不至於造成電池的損壞情形發生，進而保護電池；在殘電器部分則可以因為加成效應電流的計算，和電池老化因素的考慮，能準確的估測電池的殘餘容量。

This paper Management and Diagnosis a DSP based intelligent battery charger and residual capacity estimator for electric vehicle. This system uses the proposed new electric circuit structure and the intelligent fuzzy charge algorithm to charge batteries, and the improved coulometric measurement with accurate residual capacity estimation to estimate the residual capacity of batteries. From the experimental results, the charger can achieve the purpose of fast and uniform charge with charging time six (6) to eight (8) hours, and will not cause the damage of battery because of using the intelligent fuzzy charge algorithm can give different charging current depend on the difference of voltage, capacity and temperature of battery; the residual capacity estimator can accurate estimate the residual capacity of batteries due to calculating the increment current and considering the aging factor.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究背景 2
1.3 研究動機與目標 3
第二章 鉛酸二次電池之簡介 5
2.1 鉛酸二次電池的基本原理 5
2.1.1 鉛酸電池內部的結構 6
2.1.2 鉛酸電池的化學原理 7
2.1.3 鉛酸電池內部Cell的連接方式 7
2.2 鉛酸二次電池的特性 8
2.2.1 鉛酸電池的壽命診斷標準 9
2.2.2 溫度補償 11
2.2.3 Amper-Hour 規則 12
2.2.4 電池的容量 12
2.2.5 電池的連結 13
2.2.6 鉛酸電池的儲存 14
第三章 電池的充殘電管理 17
3.1 鉛酸電池的充電法則 17
3.1.1 定電流(CC)充電法 17
3.1.2 定電壓(CV)充電法 18
3.1.3 混和定電流/定電壓(CC/CV)充電法 19
3.1.4 脈衝(CP)充電法 20
3.1.5 快速充電法 21
3.1.6 智慧型模糊充電法 23
3.2 殘電量的估測方法 26
3.2.1 內阻測定法 26
3.2.2 比重計法 28
3.2.3 開路電壓法 28
3.2.4 庫侖量測法 28
3.3具有較精確殘電量估測之改良式庫侖量測法 29
3.3.1 電池放電電流與時間的比例關係 30
3.3.2 考慮電池放電電流的加成效應 31
3.3.3 考慮電池老化因素及診斷 36
第四章電池充電之控制理論介紹 37
4.1 類比式模糊控制器 39
4.2 數位式模糊控制器 42
第五章電池充電之功率因數修正電路 45
5.1 交換式電源供應器之功率因數修正 46
5.2 昇壓型（Boost）轉換器 47
5.2.1 昇壓式轉換器不連續導通模式之穩態分析 48
5.3 應用在PFC下的昇壓型（Boost）轉換器 50
5.4功率因數修正(PFC)的基本電路結構 53
5.4.1 功率因數修正(PFC)的輸出電壓調整 54
5.4.2 功率因數修正(PFC)的負載電流調整 54
第六章 電池充電之切換式電源供應器電路 56
6.1 推挽式電源供應器 57
6.1.1 推挽式轉換器連續導通模式（CCM）之穩態分析 59
6.1.2推挽式轉換器連續導通/不連續導通模式（CCM/DCM）之
邊界條件 62
6.1.3 推挽式轉換器不連續導通模式（DCM）之穩態分析 63
6.2 變壓器及電感繞製設計 66
6.2.1 變壓器基本原理 66
6.2.2 推挽式電源供應器之變壓器設計 68
6.2.3 濾波儲能電感繞製設計 70
6.2.4 運用磁性元件設計軟體設計變壓器及電感及其在IsSpice
模擬軟體下之模擬結果 72
6.3 Snubber 電路設計 75
第七章 鉛酸電池充電器實驗架構設計 77
7.1 DSP控制單元 79
7.1.1 數位訊號處理器之硬體設備 79
7.1.2 軟體控制程式設計與撰寫 80
7.1.3 DSP與電腦串列埠傳輸設計 91
7.2 TL494脈波寬度調變電路 92
7.3 功率驅動單元 94
7.3.1 功率因素修正電路 94
7.3.2 電源供應電路 96
7.3.3 閘極驅動電路 97
7.3.4 電流感測電路 99
7.3.5 溫度感測電路 99
第八章 實驗結果 101
8.1 功率因素修正電路實驗結果（以電阻為負載） 102
8.2 功率因素修正電路實驗結果（以實驗電路為負載） 105
8.3 智慧型模糊充電實驗結果 109
8.4 殘電量估測實驗結果 115
第九章 結論 118
9.1 結語 118
9.2 建議事項 119

參考文獻 120

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