本文旨在探究朵樂絲．雷辛的《金色筆記》中安娜如何從施虐被虐的人際關係中解放並成功地突破精神分裂狀態，羅納．雷因重新定義精神分裂為個體在處理因世界不斷分裂所造成的身心分裂的一種過程，而精神分裂者在試圖從社會集體幻想體制中解放的過程中遭身心分裂之苦，雷辛比雷因更進一步地指出施虐被虐的人際關係才是真正造成精神分裂者崩潰的原因，在《金色筆記》中雷辛展示安娜如何試圖擺脫政黨婚姻的限制及施虐被虐人際關係的糾纏。
第一章描繪在反心理運動影響下所衍生之新解精神分裂的背景及雷辛和此運動的主要支持者雷因之間的關係。第二章著重於描寫安娜及其他受害者如何陷於不同的社會集體幻想體制及施虐被虐的人際關係。安娜的精神分裂狀態始於體認出由不同社會體制所捏造的虛幻，而此種認知促使她企圖從共產黨及婚姻的限制中解放。第三章以雷因的虛我系統理論來探究互相衝突的社會需求如何造成安娜多重虛我，這些虛我導致安娜分裂的人生，也是造成她寫作障礙的主因。在第四章中安娜試圖藉由在小說及日記中實驗不同的自我呈現來重整人生。第五章討論安娜從她和索爾格林之間施虐被虐的關係中察覺出自己的精神分裂狀態。此外，夢中的啟示有助她了解她精神分裂及社會崩解的原因。
結論則點出安娜從精神分裂解放及雷辛的藝術突破。對安娜而言，從卡謬的神話西西佛斯的啟示中拋棄受害者的身分，重新定位自己為社會中的推石者，藉以從施虐被虐的人際關係中解放。對雷辛而言，她的藝術突破在於從安娜人生不同呈現的拼貼中找出現實與藝術之間落差的新詮釋。

My thesis aims to explore how Anna successfully makes her breakthrough from her schizophrenia by emancipating herself from sado-masochistic interpersonal relationships in Doris Lessing’s The Golden Notebook. R. D. Laing redefines schizophrenia as a process for individuals to cope with the modern world whose increasing division has caused the divorce between body and mind. Laing points out that individuals are confined in such social phantasy systems as political parties, family, and marriage. Schizoid individuals suffer from the alienation between body and mind in striving to extricate themselves from this confinement. Moving a step further than Laing, Lessing highlights that for schizoid individuals, sado-masochistic interpersonal relationships are, in fact, responsible for schizoid individuals’ breakdown. In The Golden Notebook, Lessing demonstrates how Anna endeavors to get rid of the entanglement from sado-masochistic interpersonal relationships as well as the confinement of the Communist Party, family, and marriage.
In Chapter One, I delineate the background for the emergence of a new interpretation of schizophrenia under the influence of anti-psychiatry movement and the association between Lessing and one major proponent of the movement, Laing. Both Lessing and Laing emphasize using the perspective of existential psychoanalysis to analyze the relation between schizophrenia and interpersonal relationships. In Chapter Two, I focus on depicting how different victims, including Anna, are trapped in different social phantasy systems and in sado-masochistic interpersonal relationships. Anna’s schizoid process starts with her recognition of phantasies fabricated by different social systems, which leads to her attempt to extricate herself from such confinement as the Communist Party and marriage. In Chapter Three, I apply Laing’s theory of false self system to explore how conflicting social demands result in Anna’s multiple false selves. These false selves lead to Anna’s disintegrated life, which is the main cause of Anna’s writer’s block. Therefore, in Chapter Four, I depict Anna’s effort to reintegrate her life by experimenting with different representations of her self in novels and journals. However, Anna realizes that the difficulty in overcoming her writer’s block lies in the lack of an integrated Anna. In Chapter Five, I discuss how Anna recognizes her schizoid condition from observing Saul Green’s in her love affairs with him. She also realizes that her total breakdown is inevitable unless she can extricate herself from their sado-masochistic relationship. In addition, the revelation from her dreams also helps her to realize that the principle of joy-in-destruction plays an important role in subverting wrong divisions in society.
In conclusion, I stress Anna’s emancipation from schizophrenia and Lessing’s new interpretation of representation in The Golden Notebook. For Anna, she successfully achieves her emancipation from total breakdown by elevating herself from sado-masochistic interpersonal relationships. With the revelation from Camus’s Sisyphus myth, she redefines herself as a boulder-pusher, discarding her role as a victim. For Lessing, she offers a new interpretation of the gaps between reality and art through the collage of different representations of Anna’s life.

Abstract i
Chapter One: Introduction 1
Chapter Two: The Interpersonal Entanglement 11
Chapter Three: The Inner Split 35
Chapter Four: The Writer’s Block 55
Chapter Five: The Breakthrough from Schizophrenia 68
Chapter Six: Conclusion 86
Works Cited 90

Abbott, H. Porter. Diary Fiction. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984.
Alexander, Marguerite. Flights from Realism: Themes and Strategies in Postmodernist British and American Fiction. London: Edward Arnold, 1990.
Bloom, Harold, ed. Doris Lessing. New York: Chelsea House, 1986.
Brewster, Dorothy. “The Golden Notebook.” Bloom 27-44.
Budhos, Shirley. The Theme of Enclosure in Selected Works of Doris Lessing. New York: The Whitston Publishing Company, 1987.
Burston, Daniel. The Wing of Madness: The Life and Work of R. D. Laing. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1996.
Camus, Albert. The Myth of Sisyphus. Trans. Justin O’brien. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1983.
Cederstrom, Lorelei. Fine-Tuning the Feminine Psyche: Jungian Patterns in the Novels of Doris Lessing. NY: Peter Lang, 1990.
Charlesworth, Max. “Sartre, Laing, and Freud.” Hoeller 23-39.
Collier, Andrew. R. D. Laing: The Philosophy and Politics of Psychotherapy. Sussex: Harvester, 1997.
Deleuze, Gilles and Felix Guattari. Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1983.
Dowson, Jane and Steven Earnshaw, eds. Postmodern Subjects/Postmodern Texts. Atlanta: Rodopi, 1995.
Flynn, Thomas R. Sartre and Marxist Existentialism: The Test Case of Collective Responsibility. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1984.
Frosh, Stephen. Identity Crisis: Modernity, Psychoanalysis and the Self. New York: Routledge, 1991.
Fuoroli, Caryn. “Doris Lessing’s ‘Game’: Referential Language and Fictional Form.” Twentieth Century Literature 27:2 (1981): 146-165.
Giddens, Anthony. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Oxford: Polity Press, 1991.
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. London: Virago, 1981.
Goldthrope, Rhiannon. Sartre: Literature and Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge U P, 1984.
Girard, Rene. Deceit, Desire, and the Novel: Self and Other in Literary Structure. Trans. Yvonne Freccero. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965.
---. Violence and the Sacred. Trans. P. Gregory. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979.
Greene, Gayle. Doris Lessing: The Poetics of Change. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1994.
Hassam, Andrew. Writing and Reality: A Study of Modern British Diary Fiction. Westport Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1993.
Hite, Molly. “(En)gendering Metafiction: Doris Lessing’s Rehearsals for The Golden Notebook.” Modern Fiction Studies 34:3 (1988): 481-500.
---. The Other Side of the Story: Structures and Strategies of Contemporary Feminist Narrative. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.
Hoeller, Keith, ed. Sartre and Psychology. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities, 1993.
Holland, Ray. Self and Social Context. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1978.
Howarth-Williams, Martin. R. D. Laing: His Works and Its Relevance for Sociology. London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1977.
Ingersoll, Earl G., ed. Doris Lessing: Conversations. Princeton: Ontario Review Press, 1994.
Kaplan, Carey and Ellen Cronan Rose, eds. Approaches to Teaching Lessing’s The Golden Notebook. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1989.
Kauffman, Linda S. Special Delivery: Epistolary Modes in Modern Fiction. Chicago: U of Chicago, 1992.
Keitel, Evelyne. Reading Psychosis: Readers, Texts, and Psychoanalysis. Trans. Anthea Bell. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1989.
King, Jeannette. Doris Lessing. London: Edward Arnold, 1989.
Knapp, Mona. Doris Lessing. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1984.
Laing, R. D. The Divided Self. London: Penguin, 1960.
---. The Politics of Experience. New York: Pantheon, 1967.
---. Self and Others. London: Tavistock, 1969.
Lessing, Doris. The Golden Notebook. London: Harper, 1993.
Macmillan, Malcolm. Freud Evaluated: The Complete Arc. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997.
Michael, Magali Cornier. Feminism and the Postmodern Impulse: Post-World War II Fiction. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
Moran, Leslie J. “The Legal Subject of Sado-Masochism.” Dowson and Earnshaw 159-79.
Myles, Anita. Doris Lessing: A Novelist with Organic Sensibility. New Delhi: Associated Publishing House, 1991.
Pickering, Jean. “Philosophical Contexts for The Golden Notebook.” Kaplan and Rose 43-9.
Samuels, Andrew, Bani Shorter, and Fred Plaut. A Critical Dictionary of Jungian Analysis. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986.
Sartre, Jean-Paul. Being and Nothingness. Trans. Hazel E. Barnes. New York: Routledge, 1958.
Sass, Louis A. Madness and Modernism: Insanity in the Light of Modern Art, Literature, and Thought. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Shean, Glenn. Schizophrenia: An Introduction to Research and Theory. Cambridge: Winthrop, 1978.
Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980. New York: Penguin Books, 1987.
Sprague, Claire. Rereading Doris Lessing: Narrative Patterns of Doubling and Repetition. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1987.
Sprague, Claire and Virginia Tiger, eds. Critical Essays on Doris Lessing. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1986.
Stoller, Robert J. Pain and Passion: A Psychoanalyst Explores the World of S& M. New York: Plenum, 1991.
Storr, Anthony, ed. The Essential Jung. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1983.
Taylor, Jenny, ed. Notebooks/Memories/Archives: Reading and Rereading Doris Lessing. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982.
Vlastos, Marion. “Doris Lessing and R. D. Laing: Psychopolitics and Prophecy.” Sprague and Tiger 126-44.
Waugh, Patricia. Feminine Fictions: Revisiting the Postmodern. London: Routledge, 1989.
Whittaker, Ruth. Doris Lessing. London: Macmillan, 1988.
Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Classics, 1996.