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博碩士論文 etd-0730108-113357 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0730108-113357
論文名稱
Title
先進光學系統於微電泳晶片焦耳熱之分析及對分離效能之改善方法
Investigation of Joule Heat Induced in Micro CE Chips Using Advanced Optical Microscopy and the Methods for Separation Performance Improvement
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
105
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2008-06-23
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2008-07-30
關鍵字
Keywords
脈衝直流電場、微流體晶片、全內反射螢光顯微鏡、焦耳熱效應、分離效率
Joule heating effect, Pulse DC electric field, Separation efficiency, Microfluidic chip, Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5644 times, has been downloaded 20 times.
中文摘要
微流體電泳晶片之分離效能與分析時間及驅動電壓高低有關,一般而言驅動電壓越高樣本泳動速率快,因此擴散時間短分離效果也較好,故傳統毛細管電泳操作,均以高壓直流電作為供電模式。但微管道內之緩衝溶液猶如一個電阻,其在施加電壓時將誘導出電流產生焦耳熱,使緩衝液溫度上升、產生溫度梯度、造成流體性質不均勻分佈,導致電泳分離效率降低。焦耳熱對電驅動微流體晶片之效能與特性影響甚鉅,為了解電驅動微流體晶片內部之焦耳熱分布,本研究使用全內反射螢光顯微鏡系統(TIRFM, total internal reflection fluorescence microscope) 以及傳統落射式螢光顯微鏡(Epi-FM, epi-fluorescence microscope),搭配一溫度敏感性螢光染料作為樣本進行實驗,其分別偵測樣本在微管道管壁及微管道內因焦耳熱所造成之螢光強度變化,並進而計算微管道內的溫度梯度分布。由於全內反射螢光顯微鏡系統之樣本偵測深度範圍僅為距離蓋玻片表面數百奈米之螢光物質所激發出來的強度,可針對蓋\玻片表面附近之單一分子行為進行偵測,故其可有效應用於微管道管壁之螢光強度變化偵測,進而可測得微管道管壁之溫度。此由實驗所測得之微管道管壁溫度,即為微管道溫度場之數值模擬計算的重要邊界條件之一。過去之數值模擬多採用晶片外部表面溫度作為計算之邊界條件,此一假設將造成較大之計算誤差,且微管道之內壁面溫度僅能以數值計算得知。本研究以實驗方式測得微管道內管壁處之溫度,並將此量測值作為數值模擬之邊界條件,實際計算微管道內之溫度,以及微管道縱向之溫度分布。結果發現,利用量測之邊界條件進行數值計算,其計算結果與實驗結果十分吻合。另一方面,為了克服焦耳熱所造成之分離效率下降問題,本研究使用脈衝直流電場作為微流體晶片之電泳驅動力。相較於傳統電泳實驗以高壓直流電場為供電方式,由於脈衝電場之單位時間供電較直流電場少,因此可降低焦耳熱的產生。且在間歇式脈衝電場的電壓休止這段時間,亦能使高壓電場所產生之焦耳熱得以消散,因此可解決傳統電泳中因焦耳熱效應所導致的分子擴散、分離效率下降問題,有效改善微流體晶片之分離效率。本研究以系統化之實驗及數值模擬分析直流電場及不同脈衝驅動電場對物理性質相近的兩種螢光染劑混合樣本分離之影響,使用脈衝電場的分離度較使用直流電場高出2.1 倍;而在傳統微流體晶片電泳實驗中,Hae III digested ΦX–174 DNA ladder 中較難分離的5a (271 bp) 與5b (281 bp)兩片段,在使用脈衝電場後,分離度可提高至120%。本研究亦對直流電場及脈衝電場實驗進行溫度變化及電功率變化的量測,由實驗結果可知使用脈衝電場確實可降低焦耳熱的產生。本研究之成果,可有效提高現有微流體晶片的電泳分離效率。
Abstract
This research presents a detection scheme for analyzing the temperature distribution produced by the Joule heating effect nearby the channel wall in a microfluidic chip utilizing a temperature-dependent fluorescence dye. An advanced optical microscope system—total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) is used for measuring the temperature distribution on the inner channel wall at the point of electroosmotic flow in an electrokinetically driven microfluidic chip. In order to meet the short working distance of the objective-type TIRFM, microscope cover glass are used to fabricate the microfluidic chips. The short fluorescence excitation depth from a TIRFM makes the intensity information obtained is not sensitive to the channel depth variation which ususally biases the measured results while using conventional epi-fluorescence microscope (Epi-FM). Therefore, a TIRFM can precisely describe the temperature profile of the distance within hundreds of nanometer of the channel wall where consists of the Stern layer and the diffusion layer for an electrokinetic microfluidic system. In order to investigate the temperature distribution produced by the Joule heating effect for electrokinetically driven microchips, this study not only measures the temperature on the microchannel wall by the proposed TIRFM but also measures the temperature inside the microchannel by an Epi-FM. In addition, this research presents a method to reduce the Joule heating effect and enhance the separation efficiency of DNA biosamples in a chip-based capillary electrophoresis (CE) system utilizing pulse DC electric fields. Since the average power consumption is reduced by the pulse electric fields, the Joule heating effect can be significantly reduced. Results indicate the proposed TIRFM method provides higher measurement sensitivity over the Epi-FM method. Significant temperature difference along the channel depth measured by TIRFM and Epi-FM is experimentally observed. In addition, the measured wall temperature distributions can be the boundary conditions for numerical investigation into the Joule heating effect. The proposed method gives a precise temperature profile of microfluidic channels and shows the substantial impact on developing a simulation model for precisely predicting the Joule heating effect in microfluidic chips. Moreover, in the research of reducing the Joule heating effect and enhancing the separation efficiency in a chip-based CE system utilizing pulse electric fields, the experimental and numerical investigations commence by separating a mixed sample comprising two fluoresceins with virtually identical physical properties. The separation level is approximately 2.1 times higher than that achieved using a conventional DC electric field. The performance of the proposed method is further evaluated by separating a DNA sample of Hae III digested ΦX–174 ladder. Results indicate the separation level of the two neighboring peaks of 5a (271 bp) and 5b (281 bp) in the DNA ladder is as high as 120% which is difficult to be achieved using a conventional CE scheme. The improved separation performance is attributed to a lower Joule heating effect as a result of a lower average power input and the opportunity for heat dissipation during the zero-voltage stage of the pulse cycle. Overall, the results demonstrate a simple and low-cost technique for achieving a high separation performance in CE microchips.
目次 Table of Contents
致謝 I
Table of Contents II
List of Figures IV
List of Tables X
Nomenclature XI
Abbreviation XIV
中文摘要 XVI
Abstract XVIII

Chapter 1 Introduction - 1 -
1.1 Microfluidic chips technology - 1 -
1.2 Joule heating effect - 2 -
1.3 Measurement method of Joule heating effect - 6 -
1.4 Improved method of reducing Joule heating effect - 11 -
1.5 Motivation and objectives - 14 -
1.5.1 Motivation - 14 -
1.5.2 Objectives - 15 -

Chapter 2 Theory and Design - 18 -
2.1 Measurements of Joule heating effect by TIRFM method - 18 -
2.2 Reduction of Joule heating effect by pulse DC electric fields - 23 -
2.3 Evaluation of separation efficiency - 25 -
2.4 Numerical method - 27 -

Chapter 3 Methods and Materials - 31 -
3.1 Microfluidic chips fabrication - 31 -
3.1.1 Microfluidic channels fabrication - 31 -
3.1.2 Microfluidic chips design and bonding fabrication - 33 -
3.2 Measurements of Joule heating effect - 34 -
3.3 Reduction of Joule heating effect by pulse DC electric fields - 36 -
3.4 Experimental procedures - 39 -

Chapter 4 Results and Discussion - 46 -
4.1 Measurements of Joule heating effect - 46 -
4.2 Separation efficiency improvement for mixed fluorescent dye - 52 -
4.3 Separation efficiency improvement for DNA sample - 57 -
4.4 Evaluation of reduction of Joule heating effect - 61 -

Chapter 5 Conclusions and Future Work - 64 -
5.1 Conclusions - 64 -
5.2 Future work - 66 -

References - 72 -
Biography - 83 -
Publication List - 84 -
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