本文將半橋串聯諧振換流器的電路架構，串接多組隔離變壓器，驅動多盞發光二極體(Light Emitting Diode, LED)燈。負載等效電路應用基本波分析法與變壓器等效模型，推導參數設計方程式與設計流程，透過電腦模擬，分析電路的工作模式與原理。諧振換流器工作於電感性負載，使主動功率開關零電壓切換導通。各組變壓器之繞線匝數比可個別設計，以不同電流驅動不同功\率或光色之LED燈。
調光方式採用整數波調光控制與變頻調光控制。整數波調光控制可獨立調控並聯於各變壓器一次側之主動調光開關導通率，藉此調節各燈組之輸出功率，並使調光開關於零電流切換導通，減少切換損失。設計電路參數時可設定諧振電流的變化範圍，避免調光時阻抗變化而影響無調光燈組的光輸出。變頻調光控制利用改變切換頻率，採群體控制將所有燈組同步調光。本研究實際製作兩組驅動電路，分別是可驅動三盞20 W三原色LED燈驅動電路與可驅動五盞10 W白光LED燈驅動電路，可調光範圍為0~100%，額定輸出功率下效率分別為93%與90%。實驗證明本文提出之電路架構確實可以單一轉換器驅動多組LED燈，具有可群控與個別調光和高效率之優點。

This thesis proposes a high efficiency driving circuit for multiple light emitting diode (LED) lamps with dimming feature. The driving circuit consists of essentially a high-frequency half-bridge series resonant inverter with multiple output transformers, on which primary windings are connected in series, while secondary sides are loaded by LED lamps rated at different powers with different turn ratios. By controlling the frequency of the inverter, the resonant current as well as the lamp current can be regulated simultaneously. On the other hand, the LED lamps can be dimmed individually by the associated dimming switches with integral cycle control. The tactful circuit ensures a high circuit efficiency owing to less conducting losses and zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation of the active power switches of the inverter and zero current switching (ZCS) operation of the dimming switches. Two prototype circuits designed for 60 W three RGB LED lamps and 50 W five white light LED lamps have been built and tested to verify the analytical predictions. Experimental results demonstrate that the driving circuit can operate the LED lamps at a high efficiency with a wide dimming range. The lamp power can be dimmed to 10% with frequency control, while whole dimming range can be achieved with integral cycle control. The circuit efficiency with integral cycle control is relatively higher than that with frequency control. The measured efficiencies for the two designed circuit are 93% and 90%, respectively, under the rated powers.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
圖表目錄 V
第一章 簡介 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究動機 2
1-3 論文大綱 3
第二章 LED結構與傳統驅動電路 3
2-1 LED簡介 3
2-2 LED特性量測 6
2-3 傳統驅動電路 8
第三章 LED諧振驅動電路 10
3-1 諧振驅動電路架構 10
3-2 電路運作原理與工作模式 12
3-3 整數波調光控制 14
3-4 電路分析與參數設計 16
3-5 設計流程 22
第四章 設計實例與實驗量測 24
4-1 設計實例一：三輸出三原色LED驅動電路 24
4-1-1 參數設計 24
4-1-2 電路波形 27
4-1-3 整數波調光控制 29
4-1-4 變頻調光控制 43
4-1-5 電路效率 47
4-2 設計實例二：五輸出白光LED驅動電路 47
4-2-1 參數設計 48
4-2-2 電路波形 50
4-2-3 整數波調光控制 53
4-2-4 變頻調光控制 65
4-2-5 電路效率 68
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 70
5-1 結論 70
5-2 未來研究方向 71
參考文獻 72

[1] 吳文隆、江松柏、李麗玲、李宏俊，“LED照明模組技術與系統應用”，台灣電力工程研討會，2004年11月，第2199-2203 頁。
[2] B. Fleming, “Solid State Headlights,” IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag., Vol 3 , Issue 3, pp. 12-15, 2008.
[3] L. G. Conn, “Evaluation of LEDs for Automotive Signal Lighting,” in Proc. SPIE., June 2002, Vol. 4641, pp. 1-6.
[4] S. Eberle, L. Livschitz, and J. Raggio, “LED Rear Combination Lamps: Styling,Robustness, Life, Packaging, Installation, and Opportunities for Intelligent Signal Lighting,” in Proc. SPIE., Feb. 2005, Vol. 5663, pp. 29-37.
[5] K. M. Huang, “Applying Surface-Mounted LEDs in Automotive Interior and Exterior Lighting,” in Proc. SPIE., Apr. 2002, Vol. 4648, pp. 148-155.
[6] M. Cervi, D. Pappis, T. B. Marchesan, A. Campos, and R. N. do Prado, “A Semiconductor Lighting System Controlled Through a LIN Network to Automotive Application,” in Proc. IEEE IAS., Oct. 2005, Vol. 3, pp. 1603-1608.
[7] 華志強、莊登捷、古必廣、江錫津，“數位式高性能太陽能路燈之研製”，台灣電力電子研討會，2006 年9 月，第52-57 頁。
[8] H. B. C. Wook, T. Komine, S. Haruyama, and M. Nakagawa, “Visible Light Communication with LED-based Traffic Lights using 2-Dimensional Image Sensor,” in Proc. IEEE CCNC., Jan. 2006, Vol. 1, pp. 243-247.
[9] M. Wada, T. Yendo, T. Fujii, and M. Tanimoto, “Road-to-Vehicle Communication using LED Traffic Light,” in Proc. IEEE Intell. Vehicles Symp., Jun. 2005, pp. 601-606.
[10] A. Gago, N. Guil, and A. C. Gago, “New Full-Color LED based Screen,” in Proc. IEEE MELECON., May 2006, pp. 393-396.
[11] H. Kanayama, M. Maeda, T. Miwa, T. Ikeda, H. Murata, and K. Chihara, “Ultra Small Projector with High Efficiency Illumination System,” in Proc. IEEE ICCE., Jan. 2006, pp. 127-128.
[12] H. Chiu and S. Cheng, “LED Backlight Driving System for Large-Scale LCD Panels,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 2571-2760, Oct. 2007.
[13] G. Weessies, “Development of a Full-Color LED Backlight,” in Proc. SPIE., July 1992, Vol. 1664, pp. 117-120.
[14] Y. Taira, H. Numata, D. Nakano, K. Sueoka, F. Yamada, and E. Colgan, “Liquid Crystal Displays Backlit with LEDs,” in Proc. CLEO., May 2004, Vol. 1, pp. 2.
[15] H. Sugiura, S. Kagawa, H. Kaneko, M. Ozawa, H. Tanizoe, T. Kimura, and H. Ueno, “Wide Color Gamut Displays using LED Backlight-Signal Processing Circuits, Color Calibration System and Multi-Primaries,” in Proc. IEEE ICIP., Sep. 2005, Vol. 2, pp. II-9-12.
[16] H. Murat, D. Cuypers, and H. D. Smet, “Design of New Collection Systems for Multi LED Light Engines,” in Proc. SPIE., Apr. 2006, Vol. 6196, pp. 04-1-11.
[17] 黃琪鈞、李麗玲，國內商業照明空間之節能分析與現況整理，經濟部能源局發行，能源節約技術報導第48期，2003年1月，第3-16頁。
[18] 古忠平、吳文隆、林士凱、郭玉萍、李麗玲，“照明節能技術現況與發展”，節約能源論文發表會，2004年11月，第90-98頁。
[19] W. C. Cheng and M. Pedram, “Power Minimization in a Backlit TFT-LCD Display by Concurrent Brightness and Contrast Scaling,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 25-32, 2004.
[20] J. A. Donahue and M. M. Jovanovic, “The LCC Inverter as a Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp Driver,” in Proc. IEEE APEC., 1994, Vol. 1, pp. 427-433.
[21] M. Gulko and S. Ben-Yaakov, “Current-Sourcing Push-Pull Parallel-Resonance Inverter (CS-PPRI): Theory and Application as a Fluorescent Lamp Driver,”in Proc. IEEE APEC., 1993, pp. 411-417.
[22] R. Redl and K. Arakawa, “A Low-Cost Control IC for Single-Transistor ZVS Cold-Cathode Fluorescent Lamp Inverters and DC/DC Converters,”in Proc. IEEE APEC., 1997, Vol. 2, pp. 1042-1049.
[23] L. H. Hwang, J. H. Yoo, B. H. Lee, E. S. Jang, and M. T. Cho, “Modeling of Piezoelectric Transformer and CCFL by PSPICE,” in Proc. IEEE Power Syst. Techno. Conf., Oct. 2002, Vol. 4, pp. 2664-2668.
[24] M. S. Lin, W. J. Ho, F. Y. Shih, D. Y. Chen, and Y. P. Wu, “A Cold-Cathode Fluorescent Lamp Driver Circuit with Synchronous Primary-Side Dimming Control,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 249-255, 1998.
[25] R. Hicks and W. Halstead, “Flat Fluorescent Lamp Technology for LCD’s,” in Proc. IEEE DASC., 1994, pp. 630-635.
[26] M. G. Kwak, J. I. Han, Y. H. Kim, S. K. Park, D. K. Lee, and S. H. Sohn, “Improvement of Luminance Efficiency in Xenon Dielectric Barrier Discharge Flat Lamp,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 176-178, Feb. 2003.
[27] Y. D. Lee, H. J. Lee, S. I. Moon, H. S. Hwang, J. H. Park, J. H. Han, J. E. Yoo, Y. H. Lee, S. Nahm, and B. K. Ju, “Field Emission Properties of Screen Printed Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by Thermal CVD,”in Proc. IEEE IVNC., July 2004, pp. 62-63.
[28] G. Cho, Y. S. Kim, D. H. Lee, W. Lee, J. W. Hong, D. W. Yang, Y. G. Kim, J. G. Kang, B. S. Kim, E. H. Choi, and H. S. Uhm, “Influence of Auxiliary Discharges on A Multi-Lamps Backlight for Large Area LCD TVs,”in Proc. IEEE ICOPS., June 2003, pp. 137.
[29] B. S. Kim, M. R. Cho, S. M. Hong, J. H. Chun, J. G. Kang, S. B. Kim, E. H. Choi, M. M. Kim, J. S. Ko, U. W. Lee, S. C. Yang, H. S. Uhm, and G. Choi, “The Characteristics of External Electrode Fluorescent Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE ICOPS., June 2003, pp. 218.
[30] G. Cho, J. Y. Lee, D. H. Lee, S. B. Kim, J. H. Koo, B. S. Kim, J. G. Kang, E. H. Choi, S. C. Yang, and U. W. Lee, “The Characteristics of Current and Voltage in an External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp,” in Proc. IEEE ICOPS, July 2004, pp. 251.
[31] K. M. Lee, B. L. An, M. L. Gong, Y. L. Liu, and K. W. Cheah, “Emission Characteristics of White Light Phosphor,” in Proc. IEEE CLEO., Dec. 2003, Vol. 2, pp. 720.
[32] C. H. Chen, S. J. Chang, Y. K. Su, J. K. Sheu, J. F. Chen, C. H. Kuo, and Y. C. Lin, “Nitride-Based Cascade Near White Light-Emitting Diodes,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., Vol. 14, No. 7, pp. 908-910, July 2002.
[33] S. Muthu, F. J. P. Schuurmans, and M. D. Pashley, “Red, Green, and Blue LEDs for White Light Illumination,” IEEE J. Sel.Topics. Quantum Electron., Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 333-338, Mar./Apr. 2002.
[34] S. Muthu and J. Gaines, “Red, Green and Blue LED-Based White Light Source: Implementation Challenges and Control Design,” in Proc. IEEE IAS, Oct. 2003, Vol. 1, pp. 515-522.
[35] W. R. Chen and C. J. Huang, “ZnSe-Based Mixed-Color LEDs,”IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 1259-1261, May 2004.
[36] S. J. Chang, L. W. Wu, Y. K. Su, C. H. Kuo, W. C. Lai, Y. P. Hsu, J. K. Sheu, J. F. Chen, and J. M. Tsai, “Si and Zn Co-Doped InGaN-GaN White Light-Emitting Diodes,”IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 519-521, Feb. 2003.
[37] J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-Light Emission from Near UV InGaN-GaN LED Chip Precoated with Blue/Green/Red Phosphors,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 18-20, Jan. 2003.
[38] Y. Gu, N. Narendran, and J. P. Freyssiner, “White LED Performance,” in Proc. SPIE., 2004, Vol. 5187, pp. 119-124.
[39] N. Narendran, L. Deng, R. M. Pysar, Y. Gu, and H. Yu, “Performance Characteristics of High-Power Light-Emitting Diodes,” in Proc. SPIE., 2004, Vol. 5187, pp. 267-275, 2004.
[40] N. Narendran, Y. Gu, J. P. Freyssiner, H. Yu, and L. Deng, “Solid-State Lighting: Failure Analysis of White LEDs,” J. Cry. Grys. , Vol. 268, No. 3-4, pp. 449-456, 2004.
[41] H. Ohtsuki, K. Nakanishi, A. Mori, S. Sakai, and S. Yachi, “18.1-Inch XGA TFT-LCD with Wide Color Reproduction Using High Power LED Backlighting,” SID Intl. Symp. Digest Tech. Papers, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 1154-1157, 2002.
[42] M. J. Zwanenburg, T. Dunn, A. Stich, W. Schwedler and L. Plötz, “High-efficiency LEDs for LCD Backlights,” SID Intl. Symp. Digest Tech. Papers, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 1222-1225, 2004.
[43] S. Muthu, F. J. Schuurmans, and M. D. Pashley, “Red, Green, and Blue LED based White Light Generation: Issues and Control,” in Proc. IEEE IAS., Oct. 2002, Vol. 1, pp. 327-333.
[44] D. Fu, B. Lu, and F. C. Lee, “1MHz High Efficiency LLC Resonant Converters with Synchronous Rectifier,” in Proc. IEEE PESC., June 2007, pp. 2404-2410.
[45] J. Jung, and J. Kwon “Theoretical Analysis and Optimal Design of LLC Resonant Converter,” in Proc. EPE., Sept. 2007, pp. 1-10.
[46] C. S. Moo, K. H. Lee, H. L. Cheng, and W. M. Chen, “A Single-Stage High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast With ZVS Buck–Boost Conversion,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 1136-1146, Apr. 2009
[47] H. L. Cheng, K. H. Lee, Y. C. Li, and C. S. Moo, “A Novel Single-Stage High-Power-Factor High-Efficiency AC-to-DC Resonant Converter,” in Proc. PECon., Dec. 2008, pp. 1135-1140.
[48] 莊賦祥，藍綠發光二極體，科學發展349期，2002年1月，第46-53頁。
[49] Philips LumiLEDs Lighting Website, http://www.lumileds.com
[50] 廖啟男，“三原色發光二極體操作特性研究”，國立中山大學電機工程學系碩士論文，2007年七月。
[51] 吳宗樺，“三原色發光二極體背光源之驅動電路”，國立中山大學電機工程學系碩士論文，2007年七月。
[52] Steve Winder，陸瑞強譯，高功率LED驅動電路設計與應用，五南出版社，2010年。
[53] 周志敏，周紀海，紀愛華，LED驅動電路設計與應用，五南出版社，2008年。
[54] M. K. Kazimierczuk and D. Czarkowski, Resonant Power Converters, 1st Ed. Wiley, New York, USA, 1995.