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博碩士論文 etd-0801100-144044 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0801100-144044
論文名稱
Title
墾丁地區巖穴結構與巖穴生物多樣性
Cave Structure and Cave Faunal Diversity in Kenting Area
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
50
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2000-06-28
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2000-08-01
關鍵字
Keywords
墾丁、巖穴、隧道、全穴居生物、好穴居生物、偶穴居生物
tunnel, troglophiles, Kenting, troglobites, trogloxenes, cave
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5679 times, has been downloaded 1933 times.
中文摘要
為了解巖穴與隧道內生物的多樣性、分佈與豐富度,以及找出可能影響生物多樣性的變數,從西元1999年9月至2000年6月,在台灣南部的墾丁地區,進行觀察與記錄。本研究總共調查了19個巖穴與2個廢棄軍事隧道。其中,4個巖穴位在森林遊樂區內,15個巖穴位在自然保留區內,一個隧道位在關山地區,而另一個隧道則位在大圓山山區內。
巖穴與隧道內的動物總共記錄有23種物種,分屬於甲殼綱(3種物種)、蛛形綱(2種物種)、倍足綱(2種物種)、昆蟲網(3種物種)、兩生綱(3種物種)、爬蟲綱(3種物種)與哺乳綱(7種物種)。在所有物種之中,灶馬 (Ceuthophilus maculatus)、高腳蜘蛛(Heteropoda venatoria)與螞蟻(Polyrhachis sp.)具有較廣的分佈,且為巖穴與隧道內之最常見的物種。
由連續性巖穴形質變數的相關性分析結果顯示,入口高度(r=-0.47)與入口面積(r=-0.48),與巖穴及隧道內的動物多樣性皆有顯著負相關(p<0.05)。而巖穴全長(r=0.48)與暗區長度(r=0.52),則是與動物多樣性有顯著正相關(p<0.05)。除此之外,暗區的高度與物種平均度則有負相關(r=-0.53, p<0.05)。
在非連續描述性變數的變方分析結果顯示,人類干擾與巖穴及隧道內複室的有無,則與巖穴及隧道內的動物多樣性皆有顯著的差異(p<0.05)。干擾程度每月平均二次到四次的巖穴或隧道,其生物多樣性為最高。而干擾程度每月平均高於四次的巖穴或隧道,其生物多樣性為最低。另外,具有複室的巖穴與隧道,其生物多樣性較沒有複室的為高。
Abstract
For the purpose to understand the diversity, distribution and abundance of faunas, and to determine the variables that would influence the faunal diversity in caves and tunnels, observations and records had been made during September 1999 to June 2000 in Kenting area, the southern tip of Taiwan. A total number of 19 caves and 2 tunnels were studied. Among them, 4 caves are located in the forest recreation area, 15 caves in the natural preserved area, 1 tunnel in Guanshan village and another tunnel in Mt. Dayuan area.
All the faunal species included 3 species of Malacostraca, 2 species of Arachnida, 2 species of Chilopoda, 3 species of Insecta, 3 species of Amphibia, 3 species of Reptilia and 7 species of Mammalia. Among these fauna species, the crickets (Ceuthophilus maculatus), the spiders (Heteropoda venatoria) and the ants (Polyrhachis sp.) had a widely distribution and are the most common species in caves and tunnels.
Among all the continuous structural variables of caves and tunnels, the entrance height (r=-0.47) and the entrance area (r=-0.48) had a negative correlation with Shannon-Wiener’s diversity (p<0.05). On the other hand, the total length (r=0.48) and the length of dark zone (r=0.52) had a positive correlation with diversity (p<0.05). In addition, the height of the dark zone had a negative correlation (r=-0.53, p<0.05) with evenness.
Among the categorical descriptive variables, human disturbance and multiple chambers had a significant difference with Shannon-Wiener’s diversity (P<0.05). The caves or tunnels visited by people from 2 to 4 times per month had the highest values of diversity, and the caves or tunnels visited by people more than 4 times per month had the lowest values of diversity. In addition, the values of diversity in caves and tunnels with multiple chambers were higher than the ones in caves and tunnels without multiple chambers.
目次 Table of Contents
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..........i
ABSTRACT IN CHINESE ..........ii
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH ..........iii
INTRODUCTION ..........1
MATERIALS AND METHODS ..........4
Ⅰ. Study site ..........4
Ⅱ. Location of caves and tunnels ..........5
Ⅲ. Structural and descriptive characteristics of caves and tunnels ..........5
Ⅳ. Fauna studies ..........6
Ⅴ. Statistical analysis ..........7
RESULTS ..........8
Ⅰ. Structure, topography and characteristics of caves and tunnels ..........8
Ⅱ. Atmosphere and water relations ..........10
Ⅲ. Fauna in caves and tunnels ..........10
A. Invertebrate macrofauna ..........11
i. Ceuthophilus maculatus ..........11
ii. Heteropoda venatoria ..........12
iii. Others ..........12
B. Amphibia ..........12
C. Reptilia ..........13
D. Mammalia ..........13
i. Bats ..........13
ii. Other mammal ..........15
Ⅳ. Faunal diversity ..........16
Ⅴ. Statistic Analysis ..........16
DISCUSSIONS ..........18
REFERENCES ..........21
TABLES AND FIGURES ..........23
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