在本篇論文中，我們介紹一個新的低電壓高線性可調式三極管區轉導器，為了在低電壓底下運作，它使用新的架構根據固定汲極和源極電壓的線性方法，它可以達成1.5V的線性輸入範圍在1.8V的工作電壓底下，而總諧波失真是-61dB在0.7 Vpp時，它是採用TSMC 0.18μm的製程設計而且工作電壓可以低到1.6V，除此之外，它還擁有大的轉導可調範圍從220μS到869μS並且同時維持寬廣的線性輸入範圍。

In this thesis, a novel low-voltage, highly linear and tunable triode transconductor is introduced. The proposed transconductor with new structure is based on constant drain-source voltage method to operate at low-voltage. The proposed transconductor achieves wide linear input range up to 1.5V at 1.8V supply voltage and the total harmonic distortion is -61dB at 0.7Vpp. The design uses TSMC 0.18μm CMOS technology and supply voltage as low as 1.6V. Moreover, it possesses large transconductance tuning range from 220μS to 869μS and also keeps the wide linear input range.

CONTENTS
PAGE
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Outline 1
1.2 Motivation 1
CHAPTER 2. THEORY AND ANALYSIS FOR LINEAR TRANSCONDUCTOR 4
2.1 Introduction 4
2.2 Transconductor Using Constant Drain-Source Voltage 4
2.3 Using regulated cascode to replace auxiliary amplifier 6
2.4 Transconductor with source degeneration 10
2.5 Transconductor using adaptive biasing 14
2.6 The proposed transconductor 16
CHAPTER 3. CMOS BANDGAP VOLTAGE REFERENCE 17
3.1 Introduction 20
3.2 Reviews on CMOS Bandgap Reference Circuits 20
3.2.1 The Conversation CMOS Bandgap Reference Circuits 21
3.2.2 The Improved CMOS Bandgap Reference Circuits 22
3.2.3 Operational Amplifier Offset Problem 23
3.3 CMOS Bandgap Voltage Reference 25
3.4 The Complete Circuit Structure 26
3.5 Simulation Result 28
CHAPTER 4. SIMULATION RESULTS 32
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 44
5.1 Conclusion 44
5.2 Future work 44
REFERENCE 45

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