本研究之目的在探討臺灣獼猴的生育與存活。本文研究期間自1996至2006年以實際觀察記錄壽山地區臺灣獼猴的出生與死亡狀況。
壽山臺灣獼猴五組同生群604隻嬰猴的出生集中在4-6月（94.4%），雌雄嬰猴性比率與1:1無顯著差異。約有四分之一的嬰猴（22.2%）在出生第一個月內死亡。這些獼猴的存活狀況中，不及1歲之臺灣獼猴年齡層的死亡率最高（35.2% ± 2.7），且無性別上的差異（p > 0.05），但雄猴在6 -10歲的死亡率（16.8-33.3%）則多較雌猴顯著為高（p < 0.05）。臺灣獼猴至10歲時，僅有51.6%雌猴及19.8%雄猴仍存活。
初次生產之雌猴以4歲生育嬰猴的比例最多（57.6%）。雌猴前胎在3個月內死亡的生育間隔為0.96年（± 0.07, n = 23）顯著短於雌猴前胎有成功撫育的生育間隔（1.02年 ± 0.09, n = 185, p < 0.05）。然而雌猴生育間隔不受到雌猴位階、雌猴年齡、嬰猴性別及社群大小的影響（p > 0.05）。生育間隔在高位階雌猴（1.03年 ± 0.05, n = 31）及中與低位階的雌猴（分別為1.01年 ± 0.07, n = 99與1.01年 ± 0.13, n = 78）間無顯著差異。雌猴生育雌嬰猴的間隔（1.02年 ± 0.11, n = 102）略長於生育雄嬰猴者（1.01年 ± 0.07, n = 106）。小社群雌猴的生育間隔（0.97年 ± 0.10, n = 10）略短於其在大社群及中社群者（分別為1.02 ± 0.11, n = 123與1.00年 ± 0.07, n = 75）。
高位階（66.3%）及中位階（68.0%）雌猴的生育率高於低位階雌猴（45.6%, p < 0.05）。雌猴位階及三類年齡層對雌猴生育雄嬰猴的比率皆無顯著效應（p > 0.05）。但高位階年輕雌猴生育雄嬰猴的比率為76.2%，此是其在高位階中老年雌猴的1.3-1.6倍、中低位階年輕雌猴的1.5-1.7倍。而中社群高位階雌猴生育雄嬰猴的比率為66.7%是大及小社群高位階雌猴的1.2-1.4倍、中社群中及低位階雌猴的1.4-1.5倍。

This study investigated the reproduction and survival of Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis). Data on birth and death of Formosan macaques at Mt. Longevity were collected from 1996 till 2006.
The birth of Formosan macaques peaked from April to June (94.4%). The sex ratio of 604 infants at birth was 1:1.2 (female to male), which was not significantly different from 1:1. The death of less than one-month-old infants accounted for 22.2% of all infant death. Infant mortality (less than 1 years old) was very high (35.2%) and no sexual difference was found (p > 0.05). Mortality of males equal or older than 6 years old (16.8-33.3%) were higher than those of females (p < 0.05).
In primiparous females, most females (57.6%) gave birth at four years old. The average interbirth intervals of females after infant death within the first 3 months was 0.96 years (± 0.07, n = 23) which was significantly shorter than that after the successful rearing infants (1.02 years ± 0.09, n = 185, p < 0.05). Maternal ranks, age, infant sex ratio and troop size had no significant effect on the interbirth intervals (p > 0.05). The average interbirth intervals of high-ranking females (1.03 years) were similar to those from middle- (1.10 years) and low-ranking females (1.01 years). The average interbirth intervals after daughters were slightly longer than those after sons (1.02 and 1.01 years, prospectively). Interbirth intervals among small-sized troops (0.97 years) was slightly shorter than those from large- (1.02 years) and middle-sized troops (1.00 years).
The birth rates of high- and middle-ranking females (66.3% and 68.0%, prospectively) were significantly higher than that of low-ranking females (45.6%, p < 0.05). Maternal rank and age had no significant effect on male infant ratio (p > 0.05). However, male infant ratio of high-ranking and young-aged females (76.2%) was 1.3-1.6 times of high-ranking, middle- and old-aged females, 1.5-1.7 times of middle-, low-ranking and young-aged females. Male infant ratio of middle troop size and high-ranking females (66.7%) was 1.2-1.4 times of large- and small-sized troops; 1.4-1.5 times of middle troop size and middle- and low-ranking females.

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
前言 1
方法 3
一、研究地點 3
二、記錄方法 3
三、資料處理與統計分析 4
結果 10
討論 15
參考文獻 19
圖 24
表 33
附錄一 39

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