本論文透過研究臺灣恆春半島香蕉灣陸蟹繁殖族群的動態與其大眼幼蟲的補充，以了解香蕉灣陸蟹族群的現況。分別於2010年6月下旬至9月上旬於海岸林外潮上帶設置樣區，紀錄陸蟹降海釋幼母蟹的數量、時機與體型；及2010年7月至2011年8月在潮溝架設定置網進行陸蟹大眼幼蟲洄游研究。研究期間紀錄到陸蟹降海釋幼母蟹4科9屬13種，總數4072隻，優勢種為奧氏後相手蟹（Metasesarma aubryi）、紫地蟹（Gecarcoidea lalandii）與圓形圓軸蟹（Cardisoma rotundum）。與過去2002與2003年同期間的研究比較後發現優勢種繁殖母蟹族群數量有下降的趨勢，紫地蟹更有繁殖體型趨小的現象。透過成蟹與大眼幼蟲粒線體COI基因序列的比對，鑑定出三種陸蟹大眼幼蟲，奧氏後相手蟹、毛足圓軸蟹與林投蟹，洄游補充的陸蟹大眼幼蟲數量稀少且可能沒有明確的洄游節律。綜合研究結果顯示香蕉灣地區的陸蟹繁殖族群在2003至2010的七年間有顯著減少之情形，大眼幼蟲的洄游補充稀少且不可預測。香蕉灣海岸林是臺灣陸蟹最重要的生物多樣性熱點，其陸蟹保育行動已刻不容緩。

The purpose of this thesis is to study the reproductive population dynamics and megalopae recruitment of land crabs at Hsiangchiaowan coastal forest, Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan. Larval release among female land crabs was regularly monitored within a 100 x 30-m rectangular portion of the supralittoral and littoral zones outside the coastal forest from late June to early September, 2010. Recruitment of megalopae of land crabs was also monitored within a surge channel from July 2010 to August 2011. A total of 4072 larvae-releasing females belonging to 4 families and 13 species were collected during the study. The dominant larvae-releasing females were Metasesarma aubryi, Gecarcoidea lalandii and Cardisoma rotundum. The population of these dominant species was reduced significantly compared with the population size observed in 2002 and 2003. Moreover, the average carapace width of G. lalandii was smaller compared to the average size in 2003. Only megalopae of three land crab species, M. aubryi, C. hirtipes and Scandarma lintou, have been collected but without apparent recurrence of the rhythmic cycle. The obtained results showed that the breeding population of land crabs has decreased significantly in the past 7 years and the recruitment of megalopae is rare and unpredictable. Urgent conservation action is needed at Hsiangchiaowan coastal forest which is among the most important biodiversity hotspots for land crab fauna in Taiwan.

目錄
致謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖次 vi
表次 vii
一、 前言 1
1.1 陸蟹的定義 1
1.2 陸蟹的生活史 1
1.2.1繁殖與釋幼時機 2
1.2.2 陸蟹的族群補充 3
1.3 陸蟹的重要性 4
1.4恆春半島香蕉灣地區的陸蟹 5
二、 材料與方法 7
2.1 樣區位置 7
2.2 調查方法 7
2.2.1 釋幼時機 7
2.2.2 大眼幼蟲洄游時機 8
2.3 DNA萃取方法 9
2.3.1 粗DNA萃取方法 9
2.3.2 DNA引子 10
2.3.3聚合酶鏈鎖反應 10
2.3.4電泳分析 10
2.4 DNA純化方法 11
2.5 DNA定序與序列比對 11
2.6環境資料 11
2.7資料分析 11
三、 結果 13
3.1繁殖與幼蟲釋放時機 13
3.1.1繁殖種類與繁殖時間 13
3.1.2幼蟲釋放與環境週期 14
3.2繁殖母蟹體型 17
3.3蟹類大眼幼蟲洄游時機 18
3.4大眼幼蟲採集鑑定結果 19
3.4.1陸蟹的大眼幼蟲 19
3.4.2陸蟹大眼幼蟲的形態描述 20
四、 討論 22
4.1繁殖釋幼母蟹物種數減少與數量比較 22
4.2三種優勢繁殖母蟹體型之比較 23
4.3三種優勢繁殖母蟹釋幼時機之比較 25
4.4三種陸蟹大眼幼蟲洄游時機 28
4.5粒腺體COI基因序列的應用 31
4.6 結論： 31
五、 參考文獻： 33
附錄1、蟹類大眼幼蟲外部形態圖 62
附錄2、本研究定序出的15種蟹類大眼幼蟲DNA COI序列 67
附錄3、本研究定序出的32種成蟹DNA COI序列 73

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