一貫作業煉鋼過程中所產生之副產物轉爐石，因其具耐磨及硬度高等特性，具有作為工程材料的再利用價值，其中二分石以上之粒徑，大多已應用於工程原料再生資源之使用，除了細粉料，因其接觸面積小，以及含有free-CaO/MgO，故使用於再生材料時，易發生膨脹以致崩解等情形，較少於工程材料使用。而酸礦排水係以廢礦堆與廢礦區經由雨水逕流與地下水之作用，而形成含有大量硫酸根離子與氫離子之有毒廢水，其低pH值使其他硫化礦物之溶解度因此提高，而產生重金屬，影響流域之生態及水資源之危害，對於環境的預防及整治刻不容緩。本研究使用細粒料之轉爐碴作用於酸性廢水中，探討不同粒徑轉爐碴與其製成之塊材之酸鹼中和能力與去除銅離子及鐵離子之能力，包含最佳液固比、轉爐碴中和反應時間，與管柱連續流之反應結果。
研究結果顯示，由瓶杯試驗可以了解細粒料之轉爐石具有中和酸性廢水的功能，在pH值達到中性偏鹼時，可擁有最好的銅離子及鐵離子去除效能，實驗針對三種不同粒徑之轉爐碴細粉料，可以歸類出液固比在10:1時，具有最佳pH值中和能力，由於此時能恰好達到氫氧化銅以及氫氧化鐵之pH值共同沈澱區間。且以此配比為基礎，再藉由管柱連續淋洗實驗，測得累積液固比之中和酸的能力，最佳累積液固比之區間為液固比在1.0~2.0時，此外針對銅離子與鐵離子的沈澱及吸附作用也相當顯著，累積濃度各約在0.1ppm以下。為使轉爐碴細粒料能方便運用於工程處理，研究中使用透水性混凝土之設計條件，製成五種多孔隙塊材，進行桶槽以及管柱連續流之實驗，實驗結果得知擁有最高孔隙率之塊材，也同樣具有較好的中和能力。

Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF) is the by-product in the consistent steelmaking operation process. As reusable and recycled resources, a lot of coarse parts have been used on engineering materials due to its hardenss and abrasion resistence. Regardless of the reuse with BOF, slag <3.5mm including free CaO/MgO are easily swelling to disintegration. Emanating from mine waste rock and tailings, AMD is primarily a function of mineralogy and the availability of water and oxygen. Upon exposure to oxidizing condition, sulfide minerals easily form acid-rich water with sulfate and hydrogen ions. Characterized by low pH value and high concentration of heavy metal, the AMD is recognized as one of the most serious environmental problem in mining industry. This study presents two parts of experiments, (1)the batch experiment with three different particles size of slag producing the best liquid-solid ratio, (2)making permeable material in column leaching tests and tank leaching test to discuss both the optimization of contact time, pH neutralization balance, and partial removal of copper and iron from artificial AMD.
While value reaches to 7~8 pH, results from the batch experiments show the maximum removal of iron and copper ions. A ratio of 10g slag to 100L AMD was found to be the optimum at which both copper hydroxide and ferric hydroxide precipitation. Based on the L/S ratio at 10:1, the column leaching test were conducted to assess the maximum treatment capacity by using continuous flow measuring the best accumulation ratio at 1.0~2.0 and the residue of iron and copper ions beneath 0.1 ppm. In order to applied on on-site treatment, additional experiments in five permeable specimens were managed which indicate the highest slag replacement attains both the better porosity and neutralization in AMD.

論文審定書............................................................................................................................ i
誌謝....................................................................................................................................... ii
摘要 ...................................................................................................................................... iii
Abstract ............................................................................................................................... iv
目錄....................................................................................................................................... v
表目錄 ................................................................................................................................ viii
圖目錄................................................................................................................................... x
第一章 緒論..........................................................................................................1
1-1 研究動機與目的.............................................................................................1
1-2 研究內容........................................................................................................2
第二章 文獻回顧..................................................................................................3
2-1 爐鋼爐碴背景資料.........................................................................................3
2-1-1 一貫作業煉鋼製程及爐碴產出 ................................................................. 4
2-1-2 非一貫作業煉鋼製程及爐碴產出 ............................................................. 7
2-1-3 煉鋼爐碴之物化特性 ................................................................................9
2-2 煉鋼爐碴之處置與再利用現況.....................................................................13
2-2-1 國內外爐碴資源化應用現況 ....................................................................13
2-2-2 國內外爐碴資源化實例及相關規範 .........................................................15
2-2-3 煉鋼爐碴之安定化法 ...............................................................................21
2-3 酸礦廢水之成因及背景資料........................................................................24
2-3-1 酸礦廢水成因 .........................................................................................24
2-3-2 酸礦廢水對環境的影響及危害 ............................................................... 28
2-3-3 酸礦廢水處理原理及方法 .......................................................................30
2-4 水中重金屬去除方式...................................................................................33
2-4-1 重金屬沈澱溶解機制 ...............................................................................33
2-4-2 抑制重金屬溶出影響因素 ........................................................................34
2-4-3 鐵與銅離子去除探討 ...............................................................................35
2-5 透水工程材料應用與製備............................................................................37
2-5-1 透水性反應牆(Permeable Reactive Barrier) ...........................................37
2-5-2 透水性混凝土材料 ...................................................................................39
2-6 小結.............................................................................................................41
第三章 研究材料、設備與方法...........................................................................42
3-1 研究架構與流程............................................................................................42
3-2 研究材料與設備............................................................................................45
3-2-1 研究材料..................................................................................................45
3-2-2 實驗藥品..................................................................................................45
3-2-3 實驗設備..................................................................................................46
3-3 實驗及分析方法...........................................................................................48
3-3-1 爐碴之物化特性分析 ............................................................................... 48
3-3-2 轉爐爐碴產製反應塊材基本工程性質分析 ................................................51
3-3-3 塊狀反應材料連續處理效果驗證 ..............................................................52
第四章 結果與討論............................................................................................55
4-1 轉爐碴細粉料基本特性................................................................................55
4-1-1 物理特性..................................................................................................55
4-1-2 化學特性..................................................................................................58
4-1-3 小結..........................................................................................................64
4-2 轉爐碴細粉料作為處理酸礦廢水之可行性....................................................65
4-2-1 人工酸礦廢水配置 ................................................................................... 66
4-2-2 轉爐碴細粉料之環境特性 ....................................................................... 68
4-2-3 轉爐碴細粉料作為反應用基礎材料之效果 ...............................................69
4-2-4 小結..........................................................................................................76
4-3 轉爐碴細粉料作為透水性反應材料之原料探討.............................................77
4-3-1 轉爐碴細粉料中粗顆粒與酸礦廢水反應效果.............................................77
4-3-2 轉爐碴細粉料-細顆粒與酸礦廢水反應效果................................................84
4-3-3 轉爐碴細粉料之連續處理酸礦廢水之結果 .................................................91
4-3-4 小結 ...........................................................................................................94
4-4 轉爐碴細粉料產製之反應塊材處理酸礦廢水之成效.......................................95
4-4-1 轉爐碴細粉料產製反應塊材之工程特性及反應效果....................................95
4-4-2 轉爐碴細粉料產製反應塊材之連續處理酸礦廢水效果 ................................98
4-4-3 小結............................................................................................................100
第五章 結論與建議...............................................................................................101
5-1 結論................................................................................................................101
5-2 建議................................................................................................................102
參考文獻...............................................................................................................103

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