摘要
本研究目的是瞭解都會型河川底泥中的污染物分佈評估，包含底泥基本特性與有機污染物(PAHs與PAEs)含量與分佈，以高雄市內之流域作為本研究河川，包含愛河、鳳山溪及後勁溪。根據研究調查結果顯示，都會型河川底泥中之ΣPAHs含量介於42.8 － 2,158 ng/g之間，主要以下游累積之含量最高。依據NOAA訂定數值評估，除龍心橋與七賢橋的Fluorene (FL)含量有高於NOAA訂定的ERL值外，其餘測站之含量皆小於ERL值，表示PAHs對環境水體生物影響不大。同時經由不同物種PAHs比例鑑定評估，都會型河川底泥中PAHs來源，大部分來自於交通工具燃燒所產生。在愛河、鳳山溪、後勁溪河川底泥中PAEs調查結果顯示皆含有DiDP、DEHP、DiNP及DnOP，其中又以DEHP及DiNP含量較高，DEHP最高出現於愛河的龍心橋測站含量為21,243 ng/g，其次為鳳山溪翠亨橋21,519 ng/g。測站皆高於ERLs值，表示底泥中DHEP含量對於水體生物可能造成影響。同時愛河與鳳山溪底泥中DEPH含量部分高於我國底泥品質之分類管理辦法規範中之下限值。另依研究結果顯示本研究之都會型河川中底泥PAHs與PAEs含量與底泥中的有機質含量有顯著正相關性。本研究成果可供做為未來都會型河川污染預防及整治之參考。

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalate esters (PAEs) distribution in the river sediments in Kaohsiung City. The characteristics of sediments were also analyzed. Three major rivers (Lover River, Hou-Jing River, and Fon-Shan River) in Kaohsiung City were studied. Results from the sediments analyses show that the total PAHs concentrations in sediments ranged from 42.8-2,158 ng/g and mainly located in the downstream sections. Based on the NOAA guidelines, the fluorene (FL) concentrations in sediments collected from the Chi-Shen Bridge location was higher than the effects range-low (ERL) level. The PAHs concentrations in sediments collected from other locations were lower than the ERL levels. This indicates that the PAHs had no significant impact on the ecosystem. The major sources of PAHs were due to the ignition of fuel oils and the PAEs in the sediments of three rivers contained di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP). Among them, DEHP and DiNP had relatively higher portions. The sediment collected from the highest Long-Shin Bridge location of Lover River had the highest DHEP concentration (21,243 ng/g) followed by the concentration (21,519 ng/g) detected at the Tzi-Hen Bridge of Fon-Shan River. The DHEP concentrations detected at these locations were higher than the ERL levels indicating that the sediments might result in adverse impact on the ecosystem. Results also indicate that the PAHs concentrations had high correlation with the organic contents in sediments. Results from this study would be helpful in designing river management and pollution control strategies for the urban rivers.

目錄
論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 PAHs、PAEs與基本性質 4
2.1.1 PAHs多環芳香烴化合物基本性質 4
2.1.2 PAEs基本性質 7
2.2 PAHs的來源 12
2.3 PAHs與PAEs之毒理性質 13
2.3.1 多環芳香烴化合物之毒理性質 13
2.3.2 鄰苯二甲酸酯類在環境中之毒理性質 13
2.4 PAHs與PAEs之傳播途徑 14
2.4.1 環境中多環芳香烴化合物之傳播途徑 14
2.4.2 鄰苯二甲酸酯類在環境中之傳播途徑 15
2.5 底泥特性與PAHs及PAEs相關性 15
2.6 PAHs、PAEs之底泥品質評估準則 16
2.6.1 多環芳香烴化合物之底泥品質評估準則 16
2.6.2 鄰苯二甲酸酯類之底泥品質評估準則 16
2.7 底泥中污染來源判定分析 19
2.8 研究區域(愛河、鳳山溪、後勁溪) 20
2.8.1 愛河監測資料及流域環境背景說明 20
2.8.2 後勁溪監測資料及流域環境背景說明 23
2.8.3 鳳山溪監測資料及流域環境背景說明 26
第三章 研究材料與方法 28
3.1 研究內容 28
3.2 採樣與保存 30
3.3 樣品前處理 34
3.4 材料與設備 34
3.4.1 化學藥品 34
3.4.2 儀器設備 35
3.5 分析方法 36
3.5.1 粒徑分析 36
3.5.2 有機質 (Organic Matter, OM) 36
3.5.3 PAHs及PAEs分析 36
3.6 品保品管 39
第四章 結果與討論 41
4.1 底泥基本性質分析 41
4.1.1 愛河底泥基本性質分析 41
4.1.2 鳳山溪底泥基本性質分析 42
4.1.3 後勁溪底泥基本性質分析 43
4.2 底泥中PAHs含量分佈 48
4.2.1 愛河流域PAHs含量分佈 48
4.2.2 鳳山溪流域PAHs含量分佈 48
4.2.3 後勁溪流域PAHs含量分佈 49
4.3 底泥中PAEs含量分佈 53
4.3.1 愛河流域PAEs含量分佈 53
4.3.2 鳳山溪流域PAEs含量分佈 55
4.3.3 後勁溪流域PAEs含量分佈 56
4.3.4 底泥中鄰苯二甲酸酯類之評估 60
4.4 底泥中PAHs來源評估 62
4.4.1 愛河PAHs來源評估 62
4.4.2 鳳山溪PAHs來源評估 64
4.4.3 後勁溪PAHs來源評估 65
4.5 底泥中PAHs與PAEs毒性評估 67
4.5.1 底泥中PAHs毒性評估 67
4.5.2底泥中PAEs毒性評估 68
4.6 河川底泥中PAHs與PAEs分佈與有機質相關性 70
第五章 結論與建議 72
5.1結論 72
5.2建議 73
參考文獻 74

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