超寬頻﹙Ultra-Wideband, UWB﹚無線通訊技術在室內無線通訊的應用上，是目前最具發展潛力的技術之一。由於其傳送的UWB訊號具有細微的時間解析特性，因此使得其應用於室內定位上具有相當優勢。基於無線定位的應用，首先必須估測出訊號的抵達時間(Time of Arrival﹚，而本地訊號與接收訊號的同步與否，會直接影響到抵達時間估測器的輸出訊雜比，這對於訊號抵達時間的估測上則有相當程度的影響。對於UWB系統而言，由於其傳送訊號為無線電脈(Impulse Radio﹚的型式，因此在實際考量系統設計不完美的情況下，系統內部的震盪器所產生的時脈抖動現象，將直接影響到系統在同步處理上，追蹤迴路穩定度的降低。除此之外，接收端對於接收訊號在解調或是相關處理上，其相關器的輸出訊雜比也會相對的變低，因此相對於一般展頻無線通訊系統而言，UWB系統在內部時脈震盪器的精確度要求上顯得更為重要。在本文中就是利用具自調整功能﹙Self-tuning﹚的延遲鎖定追蹤迴路﹙Delay-Locked Loop, DLL﹚架構來減低內部時脈震盪器的時脈抖動問題，以改善追蹤迴路的穩定度，並且運用多路徑干擾消除器﹙Multipath Canceller﹚於室內環境下，消除室內通道的多路徑干擾，使得追蹤迴路完成本地訊號與接收訊號間的同步，並提升相關器的訊雜比，以增加對訊號抵達時間估測上的精確度，並提升定位追蹤的效能。

Ultra-Wideband ﹙UWB﹚Communication Technology is one of the potential technologies in indoor wireless communication
applications. Because of the property of fine resolution of transmitted signal by UWB, it is powerful on indoor location applications. In the first place, we need to estimate the time of arrival based on the wireless location applications. Whether synchronization between the template signals and received signals affects directly the SNR of the estimator output and decreases the ranging accuracy. Because of the transmitted signal is the type of impulse radio for UWB system, it is more important on the time accuracy of the internal oscillator. In the thesis, we utilize the Delay-Locked Loop ﹙DLL﹚ structure with Self-tuning function to reduce the timing jitter in the internal oscillator. We can improve the stability in the tracking loop and utilize multipath canceller to cancel the multipath interference in the indoor environment. When reaching synchronization between the template signal and received signal by using the tracking loop, we can improve ranging accuracy and increase location precision according to the received signal.

誌謝...................................................i
摘要...................................................ii
Abstract...............................................iii
目錄...................................................iv
圖目錄.................................................vi
表目錄.................................................ix
第一章 導論..........................................1
1.1 文獻探討......................................1
1.2 研究動機......................................3
1.3 論文架構......................................3
第二章 超寬頻通訊系統..................................4
2.1 超寬頻通訊系統概述............................4
2.2 超寬頻通訊系統架構............................6
2.2.1 脈衝訊號波形..................................9
2.2.2 展頻序列訊號之產生............................12
2.2.3 DS-BPSK調變方式...............................15
2.3 時脈抖動模型..................................16
2.3.1 時脈抖動於UWB訊號頻域分析.....................17
2.3.2 時脈抖動統計模型..............................20
2.3.3 時脈抖動於UWB訊號時域影響.....................26
第三章 具自調整功能之延遲鎖定迴路介紹..................29
3.1 傳統延遲鎖定迴路..............................29
3.1.1 理想UWB訊號於傳統DLL描述......................30
3.1.2 傳統DLL中時脈抖動對UWB訊號之影響..............34
3.2 具自調整功能之延遲鎖定迴路....................39
3.2.1 自調整器架構..................................39
3.2.2 具自調整功能之DLL系統描述.....................40
3.2.3 模擬結果與探討................................44
第四章 室內UWB通道與多路徑干擾消除器...................48
4.1 室內UWB通道模型...............................48
4.1.1 大區域範圍衰落特性............................49
4.1.2 小區域範圍衰落統計............................53
4.2 UWB訊號於室內無線通道下電腦模擬...............57
4.3 多路徑干擾消除器架構..........................60
第五章 具自調整功能之多路徑干擾消除延遲鎖定迴路........64
5.1 接收端獲取程序................................64
5.2 接收端追蹤程序................................68
5.2.1 於時脈抖動與室內環境下之系統描述..............68
5.2.2 模擬結果與探討................................71
第六章 結論與建議......................................74
附錄A..................................................76
附錄B..................................................78
參考文獻...............................................80
中英對照...............................................83

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