近來研究顯示，動脈粥狀硬化的主要原因是體內過高的血脂濃度與氧化壓力。山藥為藥食兼用的保健植物，相關研究指出省產山藥具有降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化等功效，然而眾多品系之省產山藥中，兼具最適調節血脂及抗氧化功效之探討尚付厥如。本實驗室先前研究發現，農試所提供五種優質省產山藥品系中有三種抗氧化能力較佳，因此本研究更進一步探討這三種優質省產山藥(TA01、TA03、TA05)對倉鼠脂質代謝及抗氧化能力之功效。
餵食倉鼠高脂高膽固醇飲食三週誘發高血脂症後，分成五組，第一組為高脂高膽固醇控制組(0.2% 膽固醇+ 12% 油脂)，第二組為正控制組(高脂飼料添加0.08% atorvastatin)，第三組為TA01組(高脂飼料添加10% TA01)，第四組為TA03組(高脂飼料添加10% TA03)，第五組為TA05組(高脂飼料添加10% TA05)。實驗為期十二週。期間第四、八週時抽血，測血清膽固醇(TC)與三酸甘油脂(TG)，第十二週時，犧牲倉鼠偵測肝重與副睪脂肪重之變化，並分析血清TC、TG、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)及LDL的脂質過氧化物(TBARS)，以及肝臟TC、TG、脂質過氧化物(TBARS)、超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、觸酶(Catalase)、麩胱甘肽過氧化酶(GPx)及麩胱甘肽還原酶(GR)等。
研究結果發現，添加TA01組四與八週後僅顯著降低血清TG (p<0.05)，TA03組餵食八週後，血清TC與TG均顯著比控制組(HF)低 (p<0.05)，TA05組則與控制組無顯著差異。餵食山藥十二週後，在組織臟器方面， TA01與TA03組的肝重及相對肝重顯著比控制組輕；而副睪脂肪重及相對副睪脂肪重則有較輕的趨勢，但未達統計顯著差異。在血脂質方面， TA01組的血清TG濃度顯著降低至控制組的89%；TA03組的血清TC、TG、LDL-C濃度則分別顯著降低為控制組的82%、89%、83%；血清HDL-C濃度並無顯著差異；血清LDL TBARS濃度有下降趨勢(1.67 ± 0.79 vs. 1.06 ± 0.57 μM)，但未達統計顯著差異。在肝臟脂質方面， TA01與TA03組的肝臟TC皆顯著降至控制組的88%，肝臟TG及TBARS濃度與控制組則無顯著差異。在抗氧化方面， TA01與TA03組的Catalase活性顯著比控制組增加，TA01組的GR活性亦顯著增加，GPx及SOD活性則無顯著差異。
本研究結論，在高脂高膽固醇的飲食下，省產山藥 TA01 與 TA03對於脂質代謝及抗氧化確實具有良好的功效，其中 TA03 是兼具最佳降血脂及抗氧化的山藥品系，建議 TA03 將可應用於心血管疾病調節血脂與抗氧化保健食品的開發。

Recent studies indicated that Atherosclerosis was thought to the resulted from high blood lipid and oxidative stress. Dioscorea has been recognized as an edible medicinal herb as well as healthy plant. Related studies showed that Taiwannative yam (Dioscorea) exhibited hypoglycemic, antioxidative and hypolipidemic functions. However, researches regarding the best species of native Dioscorea revealing the efficacy with both antioxidative and hypolipidemic functions are limited. Previously our laboratory, found that three in five native species of Dioscorea provided by the Agricultural Research Institute had antioxidative effects. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of this three Dioscorea species (TA01、TA03、TA05) on lipid metabolism and antioxidative ability of hamsters.
Hyperlipidemia hamsters induced by feeding high fat and high cholesterol diet for 3 weeks, were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 was the control group fed with a high fat and high cholesterol diet (HF, 0.2% cholesterol and 12% fat) ; group 2 was the positive control group fed with a HF diet supplemented with 0.08% atorvastatin (HF+ATS) ; group 3 was TA01 group fed with a HF diet supplemented with 10% TA01 yam powder (HF+TA01) ; group 4 was TA03 group fed with a HF diet supplemented with 10% TA03 yam powder (HF+TA03) ; group 5 was TA05 group fed with a HF diet supplemented with 10% TA05 yam powder (HF+TA05). The experiment was conducted for 12 weeks. Blood was collcted to determine serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerol (TG) at week 4 and 8. The hamsters were scarified and the blood, liver and epididymal fat pads were collected at week 12. The weight of body, liver, epididymal fat pads ; Serum TC, TG, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and oxidation of LDL (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) were determined ; TC, TG, TBARS, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) of liver were also analyzed.
Results indicated that TA01 group had significantly decreased serum TG (P < 0.05) at 4 and 8 weeks. Serum TC and TG of TA03 group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 8 weeks. No significant difference for TC and TG was found between TA05 and the control groups. After 12 weeks of Dioscorea feeding, liver weight and liver to body weight ratio of TA01 and TA03 groups compared to that of control group were significantly reduced. Epididymal fat pads weight and that the body weight ratio tended to be less compared to that of the control group. Serum TG concentration of TA01 was significantly decreased to 89% of the control group. Serum TC, TG and LDL-C concentrations of TA03 group were significantly decreased to 82, 89 and 83% of the control group, respectively. Serum HDL-C of TA03 group was unaffected and LDL TBARS tended to be decreased (1.67 ± 0.79 vs. 1.06 ± 0.57) compared to that of the control group. Liver TC concentrations of TA01 and TA03 groups both were significantly decreased to 88% of the control group. Liver TG and TBARS of TA01 and TA03 groups were unchanged. Catalase activities of TA01 and TA03 groups and GR activity of TA01 group were significantly higher than those of the control group. No significant differences were found in GPx and SOD activities among all groups.
In conclusion, TA01 and TA03 species of Taiwannative yam (Dioscorea) tubers exhibit beneficial effects on lipid profile and antioxidative status for hyperlipidemia induced by a high fat and high cholesterol diet. Among there species, TA03 reveals the best potential with both hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects, and was suggested to be used in the development of functional food for the modification of lipid profile and oxidative status in cardiovascular disease prevention .

中文摘要..............................................Ⅰ
英文摘要..............................................Ⅲ
誌謝..................................................Ⅵ
目錄..................................................Ⅶ
表目錄................................................Ⅸ
圖目錄................................................Ⅹ
縮寫表................................................XI
附錄…………………………………………………………………XII
第一章 前言...........................................1
第二章 文獻探討.......................................2
一、動脈粥狀硬化與血脂異常(dyslipidemia)…………………….2
二、脂蛋白(lipoprotein)與氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox LDL)……….3
三、脂質過氧化作用....................................6
四、體內抗氧化防禦系統...............................10
五、山藥的生理功能...................................14
六、倉鼠的特性.......................................18
第三章 實驗設計與架構................................19
一、實驗設計……………………………………………………19
二、實驗架構……………………………………………………20
第四章 實驗材料與方法...............................21
一、實驗材料……………………………………………………21
二、實驗方法……………………………………………………24
第五章 結果.........................................34
一、體重、肝重及副睪脂肪重之變化…………………………34
二、血清脂質之變化……………………………………………34
三、肝臟脂質之變化..................................36
四、肝臟抗氧化酵素之變化............................36
第六章 討論.........................................38
一、體重、肝重及副睪脂肪重之影響....................38
二、血清脂質之影響..................................39
三、肝臟脂質之影響..................................42
四、肝臟抗氧化酵素之影響............................44
第七章 結論.........................................46
第八章 參考文獻………………………………………………..47

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