本研究目的為建置一自記式水下錄音裝置，具有成本低、易組裝且攜帶方便之特性，適用於水中聲學實驗量測。 研究過程區分為三大部份，包含錄音裝 置建構、實驗量測與結果分析。於錄音裝置建置部份，主要架構是以單板電腦 PC104 為主體 (Celeron 1G)，搭配 A/D 轉換器 PCM-3718HO、20/40 dB 訊號放大器及電源監測電路板四部份所組成；於應用軟體方面，利用 C 語言與 LabVIEW 開發適用於 WINDOWS XP 作業系統之錄音程式，可連續以固定檔案容量進行逐次資料儲存，減少裝置於作業時因電源中斷而造成整體實驗資料遺失。系統現階段最高採樣速率可達 83 kHz，運用鋰電池 (35.2 AH，16V) 供電系統可進行 5 小時連續錄音量測，在不影響訊號高速擷取情況下，藉由通訊協定監測電池電量，避免低電量時造成系統作業中斷，有效維護硬體設備與作業系統之完善。本系統建置經六項實驗量測驗證其運用於水中聲學實驗之可行性，俟確認軟、硬體之設計無失真情形後，於國立中山大學海下技術研究所之實驗水槽進行水下麥克風校正實驗，利用二葉片螺槳作動以形成寬頻聲音訊號，將二個水下麥克風ITC-6050C 與已校正水下麥克風 B & K 8104 同時進行訊號收錄，於頻譜中比較彼此接收訊號強度之差異性。經由上述實驗確認裝置皆正常作動後，以水下麥克風 CTG-0708 為聲源，發出一已知頻率訊號，經訊號分析結果以瞭解裝置運作效能與受自發噪音之干擾情形。此外，裝置與已校正之自記式水下錄音系統 Bioacoustic probe 收錄空氣壓縮機所發出之寬頻訊號進行比較，以探究裝置的良窳與後續所需精進之部份。於實海域量測部份，利用二水下麥克風 ITC-6050C 接收錄置漁船引擎所發出之噪音，研析極淺海環境聲傳現象。實驗結果圖 (Spectrogram) 顯現前人所歸納聲傳與距離之相關性。經一系列測試結果說明其運用於水中聲學量測之可行性。此裝置於未來可延伸架構成一陣列系統，進階運用於船舶定位、港區安全防護等實務層面。

The goal of this work is to design and fabricate an autonomous acoustic recording system which is low cost, reconfigurable and portable for acoustic research. The system consists of four components, including a compact single-board computer (Celeron 1G), a 12-bit A/D converter (PCM-3718HO), a 20/40 dB gain amplifier and an useful power management circuit board. C and LabVIEW programs with multiple threads are developed to control the I/O's, digitize the underwater acoustic signals and stream data to the hard disk continuously. Currently, the throughput of data stream attains to 83 kHz. It were tested by six significant experiments to show its feasibility. At first, taking the function generator as signal source to verify no distortion caused by the system. Two ITC-6050C hydrophones are connected to the system as the receivers. The system was tested with experimental propeller producing broadband noise to calibrate the hydrophones in the experimental sink. To verify their performance, the receivers also work with the calibrated one B & K 8104 for reference. In order to understand the influence of self-noise, the system is planned to record known signal producing by hydrophone CTG-0708. By repeating similar calibration experiment, the system operates with an autonomous recording system Bioacoustic probe to understand what deficiency we should improve afterward. Further, a field test was conducted in the designated natural laboratory of shallow bay area. Post-processing of the data resulted in range-frequency plot shows that the interference pattern reported in the literature was captured. According to above-mentioned tesing, the system can be applied to underwater acoustics. This system, connected with multiple hydrophones, will be applied in the research for target detection, the harbor protection and so on.

第一章　緒論-----------------------------------------1
1.1　研究目的與動機------------------------------1
1.2　文獻回顧---------------------------------------4
1.3　研究方法---------------------------------------6
1.4　論文範疇---------------------------------------6
第二章　錄音裝置建置-----------------------------8
2.1　硬體架構---------------------------------------8
2.1.1　單板電腦------------------------------------9
2.1.2　A/D轉換器----------------------------------11
2.1.3　訊號放大器---------------------------------12
2.1.4　電源監控板---------------------------------13
2.1.5　接收器-水下麥克風-----------------------14
2.1.6　輔助硬體裝置------------------------------14
2.2　軟體運用---------------------------------------16
2.2.1　應用軟體簡介------------------------------16
2.2.2　應用程式設計------------------------------17
第三章　實驗量測-----------------------------------19
3.1　前置測試---------------------------------------19
3.2　水下麥克風校正實驗------------------------20
3.3　大型實驗水槽量測實驗---------------------23
3.4　系統與自記式錄音系統 Bioacoustic probe 比較---24
3.5　高雄港哈瑪星渡船頭錄音測試-------------26
3.6　實海域量測-------------------------------------28
第四章　結果分析------------------------------------30
4.1　相關理論----------------------------------------30
4.1.1　訊號解析-------------------------------------30
4.1.2　電聲換能原理-------------------------------34
4.1.3　快速傅立葉轉換----------------------------35
4.1.4　時頻分析-------------------------------------36
4.2　系統收錄分析----------------------------------38
4.3　接收器性能分析-------------------------------40
4.4　大型實驗水槽實驗量測分析----------------42
4.5　錄音系統比較分析----------------------------43
4.6　港區噪音分析----------------------------------44
4.7　淺海環境聲傳分析----------------------------46
4.8　結語----------------------------------------------48
第五章　結論與建議---------------------------------49
附錄 A 自記式水下錄音裝置 Bioacoustic probe 校正實驗---55
附錄 B 水中聲波傳播特性-------57

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