我們嘗試以添加蔗糖的方式改變染料敏化太陽能電池中的二氧化鈦奈米顆粒的結構或組成，藉以研究它對染料敏化太陽能電池轉換效率的影響。
為比較不同的二氧化鈦粉末對添加蔗糖後的染料敏化太陽能電池的轉換效率的影響，我們選擇了兩種二氧化鈦粉末。分別為 P-25 (80% 銳鈦相，Degussa，德國)以及 ST-21 (100% 銳鈦相， Ishihara Sangyo，日本)。
實驗結果顯示，將二氧化鈦光陽極於氮氣無氧的條件下燒結後所製做的染料敏化太陽能電池，其光能轉換效率比在空氣下燒結後的光陽極所製做的染料敏化太陽能電池要來的高；而經由添加蔗糖修飾的二氧化鈦在氮氣下燒結後，也比沒有經過蔗糖修飾在氮氣下燒結所製做的太陽能電池有著更高的轉換效率。在這些結果中，我們發現添加 0.08 公克/毫升的蔗糖溶液修飾過的二氧化鈦光陽極在氮氣下燒結後所製做的染料敏化太陽能電池有高達 5.55% 的光能轉換效率。
在 P-25 系列的染料敏化太陽能電池中，其光能轉換效率由原先的 4.77% 增加至 5.29%，增加率高達 10.9%；而 ST-21 系列的染料敏化太陽能電池裡，其光能轉換效率由原先的 5.01% 增加至 5.55%，增加 5.4%。

In my research, I use sucrose to modify TiO2 nanoparticles to study the influence of sucrose modification in the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell.
Two types of TiO2 are used in the experiments, one is P-25 (80% anatase, Degussa, Germany) and the other is ST-21 (100% anatase, Ishihara Sangyo, Japan).
The results shows that the solar cells with TiO2 photoanode sintered in N2 has better conversion efficiency than that sintered in air. On the other hand, the TiO2 with 0.08 g/mL sucrose modification and sintered in N2 has the best conversion efficiency than the others with different sucrose concentration modifications and the highest conversion efficiency reaches 5.55 %.
The performance of P-25 with 0.08 g/mL sucrose made solar cell is 10.9% higher than that without sucrose modification TiO2 photoanode made solar cell and the performance of ST-21 with 0.08 g/mL sucrose made solar cell is 5.4% higher than that without sucrose modification.

Introduction
1-1. Development of Solar Cells………………………………………………………1
1-2. Working mechanism of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells………...………………...6
1-3. The performance of DSSC…………………………………………………….…8
1-4. The motivation and objective of my research………………………………….10
1-5. The techniques I applied in my research……………………………………….11

Experimental Section
2-1. Synthesis of bis(tetrabutylammonium) cis-diisothiocyanatobis(2,2’-bipyridyl-4,4’-dicarboxylate)ruthenate(II)……………………………………………………………….13
2-2. Spectra of bis(tetrabutylammonium) cis-diisothiocyanatobis(2,2’-bipyridyl-4,4’-dicarboxylate)ruthenate(II)............................... .............. ........................................15
2-3. Pre-treatment and post-treatment procedures…....…………...……………...19
2-4. Modification and Preparation of Titanium Oxide Thin Films……………........20
2-5. Sintering stages for TiO2/ITO substrates………………...………………..….. 23
2-6. Liquid electrolyte (Z300)………..………………………………………..……... 25
2-7. Preparation of counter electrodes……………….…………..………………….25
2-8. Preparation of dye-adsorbed TiO2 photoanodes…...……..…………………..26
2-9. Device assembling………..……………………………………………………...26
2-10. Measurement of the performance of DSSC ..…………………………….....27
2-11. Calibration of the light source (Xenon Arc Lamp) …………………………..29

Results and Discussion
3-1. Resistance vs. Sntering temperature…………………………………..………31
3-2. Influence of pre-treatment to DSSC…………………………………………….33
3-3. Diffuse UV-Vis reflectance spectra of TiO2…………………………………….34
3-4. Physical properties of TiO2 Powders…………………………………………...40
3-5. XRD spectra of TiO2 powders…………………………………………………...41
3-6. Performance of DSSCs…………..……………………………………………...47

Conclusions…………..…………………………………………………..…………………….54

References…………………………………………………………………………………..…55
Appendix I..……………………………………………………………………………………..57
Appendix II.……………………………………………………………………………………..60

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