本研究是以Ferris , Adams, Kolodinsky, Hochwarter, Ammeter, (2002）提出的組織政治知覺校正模型為架構基礎，以SPSS 15.0及結構方程式模型(SEM)為驗證方法，探討組織政治知覺對組織信任的影響，並以組織犬儒主義為中介變項。
研究結果顯示，組織政治知覺與組織信任為負向的關係，惟組織政治知覺的三個構面中僅其中的「一般政治行為」對組織信任有顯著負向影響，而組織政治知覺另兩個構面「保持沉默靜待好處」與「政策與實務差距」對組織信任則無顯著的影響。另組織政治知覺與組織犬儒主義為顯著正向的關係，組織犬儒主義與組織信任為顯著負向的關係，組織犬儒主義對組織政治知覺與組織信任之間有顯著的中介效果。

Abstract
The purpose of this investigation is based on the revision model proposed by Ferris , Adams, Kolodinsky, Hochwarter, Ammeter,(2002).This research is deeply to examine the influence of perceptions of organizational politics on trust - organizational cynicism as mediator variable .The data were analyzed by SPSS 15.0 software and by structural equation modeling (SEM).

The major results of this study are as following：The perceptions of organizational politics were found have a significant negative relationship with trust. The perceptions of organizational politics were constructed from three patterns( general political behavior、go along to get ahead、pay and promotion).Only general political behavior has a significant effect on trust.The other two patterns have no significant effect on trust. The perceptions of organizational politics were found have a significant positive relationship with organizationl cynicism . Organizationl cynicism has a significant negative relationship with trust.Organizationl cynicism has a mediating effect on the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and trust.

Key word：perceptions of organizational politics , trust , organizationl cynicism , structural equation modeling

表 目 錄 II
圖 目 錄 Ⅲ
第一章 緒 論 1
第一節 研究動機 2
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 研究流程 4
第二章 文 獻 探 討 5
第一節 組織政治知覺 5
第二節 組織犬儒主義 18
第三節 組織信任 23
第三章 研 究 方 法 32
第一節 研究架構與研究假設 32
第二節 研究變項操作性定義與衡量工具 34
第三節 資料收集與樣本特性描述 36
第四節 資料分析方法 41
第四章 實 證 分 析 48
第一節 量表之信效度分析 48
第二節 各研究變項之相關分析 53
第三節 結構方程式模型分析 53
第四節　研究假設檢定結果 60
第五章 結 論 與 建 議 65
第一節 研究結論 65
第二節 理論貢獻與管理意涵 66
第三節 研究限制與未來研究方向 68
參考文獻 69
中文部份 69
英文部份 70
附錄
附錄一「工作環境氣氛認知及其對工作態度之影響」調查問卷樣本描述 76
附錄二「工作環境氣氛認知及其對工作態度之影響」研究問卷 97

中文部份
1.江亭儒 (2003)。組織犬儒主義之前因與後果。國立台灣大學心理學研究所論文。
2.牟鍾福 (2002)。國中體育教師組織正義與組織信任對組織承諾影響之研究，國立台灣師範大學體育學系博士論文。
3.李青芬、李雅婷、趙慕芬合譯（2006）。組織行為學（Organizational Behavior ），台北：華泰文化事業股份有限公司出版。
4.李安民 (2002)。組織政治知覺對員工工作態度之影響。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
5.李粵強（2002）。團隊績效管理導向對組織信任及組織團隊績效影響之研
究。私立朝陽科技大學企業管理碩士論文，彰化。何金銘 (2003)。組織政治知覺研究現況之缺撼。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所授課講義。
6.何金銘 (2003)。組織政治知覺的類型及其前因與後果模型之再建。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告。
7.何金銘 (2006)。統計分析方法-SPSS軟體的輔助分析。台南：台灣復文興業股份有限公司。
8.林月珠 (1994)。組織政治與組織發展：一個政治性觀點對中立性觀點的探索。東吳政治學報，第3期，頁279-313。
9.林鉦棽 (1996)。組織公正、信任、組織公平行為之研究：社會交換理論之觀點。管理科學學報，第13卷，第3期，頁391-415。
10.林鉦棽、彭台光，（2006）。多層次管理研究：分析層次的概念、理論和方法，管理學報，23（6），頁649-675。
11.林隆儀(2002)。不同聯盟型態之下經濟誘因與信任之重要性研究-以台灣清涼飲料產業為例。國立台北大學企業管理系博士論文。
12.吳明隆（2008）。結構方程模式-SIMPLIS的應用。台北: 五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
13.吳孝慈（2000），組織政治知覺及其對組織承諾之影響－某大學的實證分析。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
14.邱皓政（2003）。結構方程模式。台北：雙葉書廊。
15.許道然 (2001)。組織信任之研究：一個整合性觀點。空大行政學報，11，253-296。
16.許道然 (2002)。公部門組織信任與組織公平行為關係之研究。國立政治大學公共行政學系博論文。
17.梁素君 (2002)。組織犬儒主義及其影響因素之研究-以助人工作者為例。長榮學報 6(2)，145-158。
18.黃怡禎（2006）。組織中的雇用關係與職場偏差行為：員工犬儒主義的中介角色及誠信性格的調節效果。私立中原大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
19.黃姿怡 (1999)。員工之組織信任的形成與影響。國立臺灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
20.黃隆民（1995）。國小教師知覺政治行為之研究。國立台中師範學院初等教育研究所，初等教育研究集刊，第3期，頁113-160。
21.張文華 (2000/9)。組織信任之初探。人力發展月刊。
22.楊世瑩（2008）。SPSS統計分析實務。台北：旗標出版股份有限公司。
23.鄭錫鍇（1999b）。政府再造的省思：社會資本主義的觀點。世新大學行政管理系編，民主行政與政府再造研討會論文集。台北：世新大學行政管系。
24.劉玉琰 (1986 )。組織行為。華泰圖書文物公司出版。
25.鍾安宜(2001)。替代領導影響員工對領導的需求以及工作結果的情形。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
26.謝哲豪 (2006)。組織政治知覺、信任與知識分享關係的研究。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
英文部份
1.Abraham, R. (2000). Organizational cynicism: bases and consequences. Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs, 126(3), 269-292.
2.Allen R.W., Madison D.L., Porter L.W., Renwick P.A., & Mayes B.T.（1979）. Organizational Politics: Tactics and Characteristics of Its Actors. California Management Review, 22, 77-83.
3.Ajzen, I. (2001). Nature and operation of attitudes., Annual Review of Psychology(Vol. 52, pp. 27): Annual Reviews Inc.
4.Andersson, L. M., & Bateman, T. S. (1997). Cynicism in The Workplace: Some Causes and Effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, pp.449-460.
5.Andersson, L. M. (1996). Employee cynicism: An examination using a contract violation framework. Human Relations, 49, pp.1395-1418.
6.Andrews, M.C., Witt, L.A., & Kacmar, K.M.（2003）. The interactive effects of organizational politics and exchange ideology on manager ratings of retention. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, 357-369.
7.Argyris, C. 1964. On organizations of the future. Beverly Hills , CA：stage.
8.Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job Satisfaction and The Good Soldier: The Relationship Between Affect and Employee “Citizenship”. Academy ofManagement Journal, 26, pp.587-595.
9.Bateman, T. S., Sakano, T., & Fujita, M. (1992). Roger, Me, and My Attitude: Film Propaganda and Cynicism Toward Corporate Leadership. Journal of AppliedPsychology, 77(5), .pp.768-771.
10.Brandes, P., Dharwadkar, R., & Deam, J. W. (1999). Does rganizational Cynicism Matter? Employee and Supervisor Perspectives on Work Ooutcomes. Outstanding Empirical Paper Award, Eastern Academy of Management.
11.Brandes-Duncan, P. (1995). An Exploration of Organizational Cynicism. WorkingPaper, University of Cincinnati.
12.Bradshaw-Camball, P., & Murray, V.V.（1991）. Illusions and Other Games: A Trifocal View of Organizational Politics. Organization Science, 2（4）, 379-398.
13.Breckler, S. J.(1984). Empirical Validation of Affect, Behavior, and Cognition as Distinct Components of Attitude. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, pp.307-311.
14.Burns, T.（1961）. Micropolitics: Mechanisms of Institutional Change. Administration Science Quarterly, 6, 257-281.
15.Carnevale, D. G.(1995). Trust worthy government : leadership and
management strategies for building trust and high performance,California: Jossey-Bas.
16.Carnevale, D. G. & B. Wechsler,( 1992). Trust in the Public Sector : Individual and Organizational Determinamts, Administraton & Society, Vol. 23, No. 4, February, pp.471-494.
17.Cook, W. W., & Medley, D. M. (1954). Proposed Hostility and Pharisaic-VirtueScales for the MMPI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 38, pp.414-418.
18.Cook, J. & T. D. Wall, (1980). New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfillment. Journal of occupational psychology , Vol. 53, pp. 39-52.
19.Costigan, R. D., S. S. Itler, & J. J. Berman, (1998). A multi-dimension of trust in organization. Journal of Managerial Issue, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 303-317.
20.Cropanzano, R., James, K., & Konovsky, M.A.（1993）. Dispositional Affectivity as a Predictor of Work Attitudes and Job Performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 595-606.
21.Cropanzano, R.S., Kacmar, K.M., & Bozeman, D.P.（1995）. Organizational politics, justice, and support: Their differences and similarities. In R.S. Cropanzano & K.M. Kacmar（Eds.）, Organizational politics, justice, and support: Managing the social climate of the workplace（pp 2-18）. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
22.Cropanzano, R., Howes, J.C., Grandey, A.A., & Toth, P.（1997）. The relationship of organizational politics and support to work behaviors, attitudes, and stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 159-180.
23.Davis, W. D., & Gardner, W. L.2004. Perceptions of politics and organizational cynicism: An attributional and leader-member exchange perspective. The leadership Quarterly, 15:439-465
24.Dean Jr, J. W., Brandes, P., & Dhwardkar, R. (1998). Organizational Cynicism. Academy of Management Review, 23, pp.341-352.
25.Doney, P. D., J. P. Cannon, & M. R. Mullen, 1997, Understanding the influence of national culture on the development of trust. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 601-620.
26. Driscoll, J.W. (1978). Trust and participation in organizational decision making as predictors of satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 21, 44-56.
27.Drory, A. (1993). Perceived Political Climate and Job Attitudes.Organization Studies, 14(1), pp.59-71.
28.Drory, A., & Romm, T. (1990). The Definition of Organizational Politics: AReview. Human Relations, 43, pp.1133-1154.
29.Farrell, D., & Petersen, J.C.（1982）. Patterns of Political Behavior in Organizations. Academy of Management Review, 7, 403-412.
30.Ferris, G.R., Adams, G., Kolodinsky, R.W., Hochwarter, W.A., & Ammeter, A.P.（2002）. Perceptions of organizational politics: Theory and research directions. In F. J. Yammarino & F. Dansereau（Eds.）, Research in multi-level issues, Volume 1: The many faces of multi-level issues（pp 179–254）. Oxford: JAI Press/Elsevier Science.
31.Ferris, G.R., Dulebohn, J.H., Frink, D.D., George-Falvy, J., Mitchell, T.R., & Matthews, L.M.（1997）. Job and Organizational Characteristics, Accountability, and Employee Influence. Journal of Managerial, 9, 162-175.
32.Ferris, G.R., Harrell-Cook, G., & Dulebohn, J.（2000）. Organizational politics: The nature of the relationship between politics perceptions and political behavior. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 17, 89–130.
33.Ferris, G.R., & Kacmar, K.M.（1989）. Perceptions of organizational politics. Paper presented at the 49th Annual Academy of Management Meeting, Washington, D.C.
34.Ferris, G.R., & Kacmar, K.M.（1992）. Perceptions of Organizational Politics. Journal of Management, 18, 93-116.
35.Ferris, G.R., Mitchell, T.R., Canavan, P.J., Frink, D.D., & Hopper, H.（1995）. Accountability in Human Resource Systems. In G. R. Ferris, S.D. Rosen, & D.T. Barnum（Eds.）, Handbook of human resource management（pp.175-196）. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
36.Ferris, G.R., Russ, G. S., & Fandt, P. M.（1989）. Politics in organizations. In R. A. Giacalone & P. Rosenfield（Eds.）, Impression management in the organization（pp 143-170）. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
37.Gandz, J., & Murray, V.V.（1980）. The Experience of Workplace Politics. Academy of Management Journal, 23, 237-251.
38.Golembiewski, R. T, & McConkie M（1975）. The centrality of interpersonaltrust in group processes. In C.L.Cooper (Ed.), Theories of group processes（pp.131-185）.New York：Wilcy.
39.Hall, A.Royle, M., Brymer, R., Perrewe, P., Ferris, G., & Hochwarter, W.（2006）. Relationships between Felt Accountability as a Stressor and Strain Reactions: The Neutralizing Role of Autonomy across Two Studies. Journal of Occupational, Health Psychology, 11, 87-99.
40.Hochwarter, W.A., Perrewe, P.L., Ferris, G.R., & Guercio, R.（1999）. Commitment as an Antidote to the Tension and Turnover Consequences of Organizational Politics. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 277-297.
41.Hochwarter, W.A., Kacmar, C.J., & Ferris, G.R.（2003）. Accountability at work: An examination of antecedents and consequences. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Orlando, FL.
42.Hochwarter, W. A., James, M., Johnson, D., & Ferris, G.. R. (2004). TheInteractive Effects of Politics Perceptions and Trait Cynicism on Work Outcomes. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 10(4), pp.44-58.
43.Hochwarter, W., Ferris, G., Gavin, M., Perrewé, P., Hall, A., & Frink, D.（2007）. Political Skill as a Moderator of the Felt Accountability - Job Performance Relationship: Longitudinal Convergence of Mediated Moderation Results. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102, 226-239.
44.Johnson, J. L., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2003). The Effects of Psychological Contract Breach and Organizational Cynicism: Not All Social Exchange Violations are Created Equal. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, pp.627-647.
45.Kacmar, K.M., &Ferris, G.R.（1991）. Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale（Pops）: Development and Construct Validation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 51, 193-205.
46.Kacmar, K.M.,& Carlson, D.S.（1997）. Further Validation of the Perception of Politics Scale（Pops）: A Multiple Sample Investigation. Journal of Management, 23, 627-658.
47.Kacmar, K.M., & Baron, R.A.（1999）. Organizational politics: The state of the field, links to related processes, and an agenda for future research. In K. M. Rowland & G. R. Ferris（Eds.）, Research in personnel and human resources management（Vol. 10, pp. 1–39）. Greenwich: JAI Press Inc.
48.Kacmar, K.M., Bozeman, D.P., Carlson, D.S., & Anthony, W.P.（1999）. A Partial Test of the Perceptions of Organizational Politics Model. Human Relations, 52, 383-416.
49.Kanter, D. L., & Mirvis, P. H. (1989). The cynical Americans: living and working inan age of discontent and disillusion (1st ed.): San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
50.Kipnis, D., Schmidt, S., & Wilkinson, I.（1980）. Intra-Organizational Influence Tactics: Explorations in Getting One's Way. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 440-452.
51.Kumar, P., & Ghadially, R.（1989）. Organizational politics and its effects on members of organizations. Human Relations, 42, 305–314.
52.Lewin, K.,（1936）. The Principles of Topological Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
53.Lewin, K.,（1951）. Field theory in social science. New York: Harper & Row.
54.Lewis, J. D. & A. Weigert, (1985). Social atomism , holism , and trust. The Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 26 No. 4, pp. 455-471.
55.Lewicki, R.J. & Bunker, B.B. (1996). Development and maintaining trust in work relationships. In R.M. Kramer & T.R. Tyler(Eds.), Trust in Organizations Frontiers of Theory and Research, ( pp.114-139). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
56.Madison, D.L., Allen, R.W., Porter, L.W., Renwick, P.A. & Mayes, B.T.（1980）. Organization Politics: An Exploration of Managers’ Perceptions. Human Relations, 33: 79-100.
57.Mayes, B.T., & Allen, R.W.（1977）. Toward a Definition of Organizational Politics. Academy of Management Review, 2, 672-678.
58.Medsker, G. J., Williams, L. J., & Holahan, P. J. (1994). A review of current practices for evaluating causal-models in organizational- behavior and human-resources management research. Journal of Management, 20(2), 439-464.
59.Mintzberg ,H. (1979) The structuring of organizations：A synthesis of the Research, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.： Prentice-Hall, pp. 466-71.
60.Mintzberg, H.（1983）. Power in and around organizations. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
61.Mintzberg, H.（1985）. The Organization as Political Arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22, 133-154.
62.Mirvis,p.,&Kanter,D.L.1991.Beyond demography：A psycholographic profile of the workplace. Human Resource Managemeny,30(1)：45-68
63.Molm, L. D. (1997). Coercive power in social exchange. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ.
64.Murphy, K.R., & Cleveland, J.N.（1995）. Understanding performance appraisal: Social, organizational, and goal-based perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
65.Niederhoffer, A. (1967). Behind the Shield: The police in urban society. GardenCity, New York: Doubleday & Company.
66.O’connor, W. E., & Morrision, T. G.(2001). A Comparison of Situational and Dispositional Predictors of Perceptions of Organizational Politics. The Journal of Psychology, 135(3), 301-312.
67.Pettigrew, A.M.（1973）. The politics of organizational decision making. London: Tavistock.
68.Pfeffer, J.（1981）. Management as symbolic action: The creation and maintenance of organizational paradigms. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw（Eds.）, Research in organizational behavior: 1-52. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
69.Pfeffer, J. (1994), Competitive advantage through people: Unleashing the power of the work force, Boston, Mass: HBS Press.
70.Porter, L.W.（1976）. Organizations as political animals. Presidential Address, Division of Industrial-Organizational Psychology, 84th Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
71.Quinn, J.B.（1980）. Strategy for Change: Logical incrementalism. Homewood, IL: Irwin.
72.Randall, M.L., Cropanzano, R., Bormann, C.A., & Birjulin, A.（1999）. Organizational Politics and Organizational Support as Predictors of Work Attitudes, Job Performance, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 159-174.
73.Reichers, A. E.,Wanous, J. P., & Austin, J. T. (1997). Understanding and managingcynicism about organizational change. Academy of Management Executive, 11, 48-59.
74.Rosen, C.C., Levy, P.E., & Hall, R.J.（2006）. Placing Perceptions of Politics in the Context of the Feedback Environment, Employee Attitudes and Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 211-220.
75.Rotter, J. B. 1967. A new scale for the measurement of trust. Journal of Personality, Vol. 35, pp. 651-665.
76.Rotter, J. B. 1980. Interpersonal trust, trustworthiness, and gullibility. American Psychologist, Vol. 3591, pp. 1-7.
77.Rousseau, D. M., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S. and Camerer, C., (1998). Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. The Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 393-404.
78.Schein, V.E.（1977）. Individual Power and Political Behaviors in Organizations: An Inadequately Explorer. Academy of Management Review, 2, 64-72.
79.Shepperd, J.A. & Arkin, R.M. (1991). Behavioral other-enhancement: Strategically obscuring the link between performance and evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 79-88.
80.Tyler, T. R. & R. M. Kramer, 1996. Whither trust? In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler(eds.), Trust in organization pp. 288-301. Thousand Oaks,CA: Sage.
81.Valle, M., & Perrewe, P.L.（2000）. Do Politics Perceptions Relate to Political Behaviors? Tests of an Implicit Assumption and Expanded Model. Human Relations, 53, 359-386.
82.Vance, R. J., Brooks, S. M., & Tesluck, P. E. (1995, May). Organizational cynicism, cynical cultures, and organizational change efforts. Paper presented at the 10th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Orlando, FL.
83.Vredenburgh, D.J., & Maurer, J.G.（1984）. A Process Framework of Organizational Politics. Human Relations, 37, 47-66.
84.Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., & Austin, J. T. (2000). Cynicism about organizationalchange: Measurement, antecedents, and correlates. Group & OrganizationManagement, 25, 132-153.
85.Weiss, H.M., & Cropanzano, R.（1996）. Affective Events Theory: A Theoretical Discussion of the Structure, Causes, and Consequences of Affective Experiences at Work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, 1-74.
86.Wortman C. B. & Linsenmeier J. A.（1977）. Interpersonal attraction and techniques of ingratiation in organizational settings. In Staw B.M. & Salancik G.R.（Eds.）, New directions in organizational behavior, 133-178, Chicago: St. Clair Press.
87.Zhou, J. & Ferris, G.R.（1995）. The Dimensions and Consequences of Organizational Politics Perceptions: A Confirmatory Analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 1747-1764.