本研究以1986-2008年間NOAA/AOML浮球資料庫中南海北部表面漂流浮球資料及1992-2008年AVISO衛星高度計之海面高度異常(Sea Level Anomaly,SLA)，探討南海北部及呂宋海峽附近區域中尺度反氣旋渦漩的時空分佈特性。首先利用浮球軌跡與衛星高度計同步觀測相同的渦漩現象，比對2003.12-2004.02及2004.11-2005.01兩個時期若干個具更渦漩特性的浮球軌跡與同時期的SLA，驗證了兩者觀測結果的一致性。研究結果顯示1992-2008年北南海共發生78次連續存活的反氣旋渦漩事件，以1994、1996、2001及2004年的次數最多，1998年最少，推測應與聖嬰發生時風場減弱更關。渦漩發生位置主要集中在台灣西南外海、北南海中部及呂宋海峽西側，東北季風期間(9月至3月)生成的渦漩平均存活時間更66.88天，渦漩中心高度差為10-20 cm，偶而更超過30 cm以上的渦漩存在，西南季風時期(4月至8月)渦漩平均存活天數則更51.43天，渦漩中心高度差大部份小於15 cm，其中台灣西南外海的渦漩中心高度差及移動速度均大於其他區域的渦漩。渦漩發生的位置與季風更明顯的關係，東北季風期間渦漩幾乎集中在呂宋海峽北端，此時的渦漩具更存活時間長、傳遞距離長且傳遞路徑向西移動的特性，存活時間超過70天的渦漩主要是沿著大陸棚邊緣向西傳遞，甚至到達112°E，遠大於西南季風期間渦漩多半僅傳遞至118°E。統計結果發現渦漩中心高度差與渦漩存活時間之間存在良好的線性關係，顯示強度較大的渦漩其存活時間較久。最後本研究發現浮球軌跡隨黑潮向北移動時，若在台灣西南外海觀測到套流的現象後，高度計在隨後短時間內往往可觀測到渦漩的形成，因此可推論黑潮套流可能為北南海渦漩生成的原因之一。

Satellite-tracked surface drifter data from 1986 to 2008 acquired from NOAA/AOML and the sea-level anomaly (SLA) data of AVISO from 1992-2008 were used in this study to investigate the mesoscale anticyclonic eddies in the northern South China Sea (SCS) and Luzon Strait. A comparison of the concurrent drifter trajectories and SLA for two eddy events (2003/12~2004/02 and 2004/11~2005/01) indicates good agreement between the two datasets. From historical SLA data (1992-2008) it is found that 78 anticyclonic eddies can be identified in the studied region. The number of occurrence is highest in 1994, 1996, 2001 and 2004, and is lowest in 1998. This result is likely due to the ENSO event and the associated wind lessening in the SCS. Most eddies were generated off southwestern Taiwan coast, northern SCS and west of Luzon Strait. During northeastern monsoon the average life time of eddies is 66.88 days, and the average sea level height difference is 10-20 cm, occasionally reached a maximum value of over 30 cm. During southwestern monsoon eddies have an average lifetime of 51.43 days, and the average sea level height difference is mostly less than 15 cm. In particular, eddies off the southwestern Taiwan coast have the characteristics of lower sea level height difference and translational speed. Location of eddy generation has a marked seasonal variation. During northeastern monsoon, most eddies were concentrated in northern Luzon Strait, propagating longer distance toward the west along the continental shelf, even reaching 112°E. On the other hand, eddies generated during the southwestern monsoon can only reach 118°E. Statistical results indicate a linear relationship exists between the sea level height difference and the life time for eddies, implying that stronger eddies are more long-lived. Finally, from drifter tracks it can be found that as Kuroshio penetrates through the Luzon Strait and forms a loop current off the southwestern Taiwan coast. Subsequently, eddies could often be identified from the SLA data. Therefore, it can be conjectured that in the northern SCS anticyclone are often shed from the Luzon Strait by Kuroshio penetration.

謝誌……………………………………………………………………………I
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………II
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………IV
目錄……………………………………………………………………………VI
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………VII
表目錄 ………………………………………………………………… ……VIII
第一章、序論…………………………………………………………………1
1.1 前言…………………………………………………………………1
1.2 研究區域……………………………………………………………4
1.3 研究動機與目的……………………………………………………5
第二章、資料來源……………………………………………………………7
2.1 Argos表面漂流浮球………………………………………………7
2.2 衛星高度計…………………………………………………………9
2.3 QSCAT衛星風資料…………………………………………………10
2.4 TMI水溫資料………………………………………………………10
第三章、分析方法……………………………………………………………13
3.1漂流浮球……………………………………………………………13
3.1.1 渦漩特性………………………………………………………13
3.1.2 動能與速度變化量……………………………………………14
3.2衛星高度計…………………………………………………………16
第四章、渦漩的判斷及驗證…………………………………………………17
4.1平均動能、渦動動能及海面高度變化……………………………18
4.2衛星高度計及表面浮球觀測驗證…………………………………25
4.2.1 2003年12月－2004年2月…………………………………25
4.2.2 2004年11月－2005年1月…………………………………30
第五章、渦漩統計分析和觀測結果…………………………………………41
5.1渦漩空間分佈………………………………………………………41
5.1.1表面浮球觀測的渦漩事件……………………………………41
5.1.2衛星高度計觀測之統計結果…………………………………49
5.2渦漩特性及機制討論………………………………………………52
5.2.1渦漩季節性特徵………………………………………………52
5.2.2渦漩產生之機制：以黑潮套流為例…………………………56
第六章、結論…………………………………………………………………75
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………79

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