基於全球暖化與能源議題，GM、ZF公司皆致力於多速行星齒輪式汽車自動變速器的研發，以提高傳動性能與油耗經濟性。為了增加自動變速器的檔位數，於變速器之行星齒輪機構內置入離合器證實為增加自動變速器檔位數目的一種有效方法，這類機構稱為內嵌離合器式行星齒輪變速器。本研究之目的即在於發展多速內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器的設計理論，作為汽車自動變速器開發與設計之依據。本研究首先分析內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器的構成，提出圖解分析方法；其次以槓桿圖為基礎發展內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器的圖解設計方法。內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器圖解設計方法之第一步為合成出可行的槓桿圖；第二步為以槓桿圖為基礎列舉可行之基本齒輪單元；第三步為以縮圖及通路數列判斷離合器制動器配置之可行性；第四步為根據平面圖畫及齒數設計結果，整理與繪製十速內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器的圖集。本研究所提出之設計方法同樣可應用於多速內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器之設計與開發。

Because of global warming and energy issues, General Motor and ZF companies devote to develop multi-speed automatic transmissions to enhance power performance and fuel consumption. The purpose of this research is to develop a design methodology of epicyclic-type multi-speed automatic transmissions with embedded clutches . Based on the concept of level analogy, a method for the analysis of speed ratios is proposed, and then the graphical method presentation of the kinematic structure of the epicyclic gear mechanisms with embedded clutches are proposed. Next, the concept of level analogy and the graphical method presentation are used to develop a design methodology for the enumeration of feasible epicyclic gear mechanisms. The first step of design automatic transmissions with embedded clutches is synthesis feasible nomographs. Then, enumerating the fundamental gear entities, and determine the feasible configuration of the clutches and breaks. Finally, the atlas of ten-speed automatic transmissions with embedded clutches are obtained. The result of this research is of benefit to further development and design of novel epicyclic-type automatic transmissions with embedded clutches.

論文審定書.....................................................................................................................i
誌謝................................................................................................................................ii
中文摘要.......................................................................................................................iii
英文摘要.......................................................................................................................iv
目錄................................................................................................................................v
圖目錄.........................................................................................................................viii
表目錄.........................................................................................................................xiv
第一章　前言................................................................................................................1
1-1　文獻回顧...........................................................................................................1
1-2　研究目的...........................................................................................................4
1-3　論文架構...........................................................................................................5
第二章　基本概念........................................................................................................7
2-1　汽車自動變速器...............................................................................................7
2-1-1　行星齒輪式汽車自動變速器...................................................................8
2-2　內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器.......................................................................9
2-3　檔位轉速比分析.............................................................................................11
2-4 圖解分析法.....................................................................................................15
2-4-1　圖解法之基本原理.................................................................................15
2-4-2　內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器圖解法之基本理論.............................19
2-4-3　具內嵌離合器汽車自動變速器之圖解分析法.....................................19
2-5　內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器之特性與基本需求.....................................29
2-6　決定十速汽車自動變速器之各檔位轉速比值.............................................30
2-7 結語.................................................................................................................31
第三章　設計程序......................................................................................................37
3-1　設計程序.........................................................................................................37
3-2　建立槓桿圖圖集.............................................................................................37
3-3　決定比例數線.................................................................................................40
3-4　列舉變速機構比例數線及基本齒輪單元.....................................................42
3-5　配置離合器及制動器.....................................................................................46
3-6　決定各齒輪之齒數.........................................................................................48
3-7　繪製機構簡圖.................................................................................................51
3-8　結語.................................................................................................................52
第四章　建立槓桿圖..................................................................................................53
4-1　內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器之比例數線.................................................53
4-2　選定槓桿圖之輸入與輸出位置.....................................................................54
4-3　I3-O5型槓桿圖...............................................................................................56
4-3-1　I3-O5型槓桿線繪製過程.......................................................................56
4-4　I4-O4型槓桿圖..............................................................................................59
4-5　內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器之槓桿圖.....................................................61
4-5-1　I3-O5型槓桿圖之合成方法...................................................................62
4-5-2　I4-O4型槓桿圖之合成方法...................................................................70
4-6　結語.................................................................................................................78
第五章　I3-O5型十速汽車自動變速器之設計........................................................79
5-1　決定比例數線.................................................................................................79
5-2　可行齒輪機構比例數線之列舉.....................................................................82
5-3　配置離合器與制動器.....................................................................................89
5-4　決定各齒輪的齒數.........................................................................................93
5-5　繪製機構簡圖.................................................................................................94
5-6　結語.................................................................................................................98
第六章　I4-O4型十速汽車自動變速器之設計........................................................99
6-1　決定比例數線.................................................................................................99
6-2　可行齒輪機構比例數線之列舉...................................................................102
6-3　配置離合器與制動器...................................................................................109
6-4　決定各齒輪的齒數.......................................................................................114
6-5　繪製機構簡圖...............................................................................................114
6-6　結語...............................................................................................................116
第七章　結論與建議................................................................................................121
參考文獻....................................................................................................................123
附錄一　I3-O5型槓桿圖轉速比..............................................................................127
附錄二　I3-O5型槓桿圖速級比..............................................................................135
附錄三　I4-O4型槓桿圖轉速比..............................................................................143
附錄四　I4-O4型槓桿圖速級比..............................................................................149


圖目錄
圖2.1　汽車自動變速器之配置..................................................................................7
圖2.2　ZF 8HP70[40]汽車自動變速器示意圖...........................................................8
圖2.3　內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器之示意圖......................................................9
圖2.4　U.S.20117998014[41]八速汽車自動變速器與檔位作動順序表.................10
圖2.5　U.S.20130203551[21]十速汽車自動變速器.................................................11
圖2.6　單行星齒輪機構單元之槓桿關係................................................................15
圖2.7　雙行星齒輪機構單元之槓桿關係................................................................16
圖2.8　變速機構與比例數線....................................................................................18
圖2.9　比例數線之合併............................................................................................18
圖2.10　變速機構與比例數線..................................................................................18
圖2.11　比例數線之合併..........................................................................................18
圖2.12　內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器之比例數線圖..........................................20
圖2.13　檔位槓桿線的繪製過程..............................................................................20
圖2.14　比例數線之耦合..........................................................................................21
圖2.15　U.S.20117998014[41]之比例數線圖...........................................................21
圖2.16　U.S.20117998014[41]八速自動變速器之槓桿圖................................ ......22
圖2.17　代入K值後的U.S.20117998014[41]槓桿圖..............................................24
圖2.18　比例數線之耦合..........................................................................................25
圖2.19　U.S.20130203551[21]之比例數線圖...........................................................26
圖2.20　U.S.20130203551[21]十速自動變速器之槓桿圖.......................................26
圖2.21　代入K值後的U.S.20130203551[21]槓桿圖.............................................28
圖2.22　引擎轉速-汽車時速轉換圖.........................................................................34
圖3.1　十速內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器之設計程序........................................38
圖3.2　U.S.20130203551[21]機構簡圖、檔位作動表與槓桿圖...............................39
圖3.3　內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器之比例數線................................................39
圖3.4　槓桿線繪製過程............................................................................................40
圖3.5　US20130203551[21]槓桿圖...........................................................................40
圖3.6　U.S.20130203551[21]之比例數線.................................................................42
圖3.7　列出所有的三點比例數線............................................................................43
圖3.8　單行星齒輪機構單元之比例數線................................................................43
圖3.9　雙行星齒輪機構單元之比例數線................................................................43
圖3.10　合成行星齒輪變速機構之比例數線..........................................................43
圖3.11　輸入端行星齒輪機構單元..........................................................................44
圖3.12　列舉之所有三點比例數線與正規化後之比例數線..................................45
圖3.13　輸出端單行星齒輪機構之組合..................................................................45
圖3.14　輸出端Ravigneaux齒輪機構......................................................................45
圖3.15　變速機構之縮圖及通路數列......................................................................47
圖3.16　通路數列之離合器配置..............................................................................49
圖3.17　通路數列之制動器配置..............................................................................49
圖3.18　十速汽車自動變速器之機構簡圖及平面圖畫..........................................50
圖3.19　汽車自動變速器之機構簡圖繪製過程......................................................52
圖4.1　十速內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器之比例數線........................................55
圖4.2　決定輸入節點之過程....................................................................................55
圖4.3　十速比例數線組合........................................................................................55
圖4.4 I3-O5型輸入端比例數線..............................................................................57
圖4.5 I3-O5型節點2固定時的比例數線合併過程...............................................57
圖4.6 I3-O5型輸入端不同節點固定之比例數線..................................................57
圖4.7 I3-O5型輸入端不同節點固定時之槓桿圖..................................................58
圖4.8 I3-O5型汽車自動變速器包含所有槓桿線之槓桿圖..................................58
圖4.9 I4-O4型的輸入端比例數線..........................................................................60
圖4.10 I4-O4型節點4固定時的槓桿線繪製過程.................................................60
圖4.11 I4-O4型另外兩節點固定時之槓桿圖........................................................60
圖4.12　I3-O5型汽車自動變速器包含所有槓桿線之槓桿圖................................61
圖4.13　I3-O5槓桿圖之座標表示............................................................................64
圖4.14　第一檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................65
圖4.15　第二檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................65
圖4.16　第三檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................65
圖4.17　第四檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................66
圖4.18　第五檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................66
圖4.19　第六檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................66
圖4.20　第七檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................67
圖4.21　第八檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................67
圖4.22　第九檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................68
圖4.23　第十檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................68
圖4.24　倒退檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................69
圖4.25　I3-O5型十速內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器槓桿圖................................69
圖4.26　I4-O4槓桿圖之座標表示............................................................................73
圖4.27　第一檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................73
圖4.28　第二檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................73
圖4.29　第三檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................74
圖4.30　第四檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................74
圖4.31　第五檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................74
圖4.32　第六檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................75
圖4.33　第七檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................75
圖4.34　第八檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................75
圖4.35　第九檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................76
圖4.36　第十檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................76
圖4.37　倒退檔槓桿線之合成..................................................................................77
圖4.38　I4-O4型十速內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器槓桿圖................................78
圖5.1　I3-O5型編號96及編號118之槓桿圖...........................................................80
圖5.2　I3-O5型編號96之槓桿圖、檔位作動表及比例數線...................................81
圖5.3　I3-O5型編號118之槓桿圖、檔位作動表及比例數線..................................81
圖5.4　I3-O5型編號96槓桿圖輸入端齒輪機構之比例數線.................................83
圖5.5　I3-O5型編號96槓桿圖輸出端比例數線之列舉.........................................83
圖5.6　I3-O5型編號96槓桿圖輸出端之基本齒輪單元........................................84
圖5.7　I3-O5型編號96槓桿圖輸出端單行星齒輪變速機構.................................84
圖5.8　I3-O5型編號96槓桿圖輸出端Ravigneaux式行星齒輪變速機構.............85
圖5.9　I3-O5型編號118槓桿圖輸入端齒輪機構之比例數線................................86
圖5.10　I3-O5型編號118槓桿圖輸出端比例數線之列舉......................................87
圖5.11　I3-O5型編號118槓桿圖輸出端之基本齒輪單元......................................87
圖5.12　I3-O5型編號118槓桿圖輸出端單行星齒輪變速機構..............................88
圖5.13　I3-O5型編號118槓桿圖輸出端Ravigneaux式行星齒輪變速機構.........88
圖5.14　縮圖之繪製過程..........................................................................................90
圖5.15　離合器及制動器配置過程..........................................................................91
圖5.16　平面圖畫之繪製過程..................................................................................95
圖5.17　圖5.16(c)平面圖畫之機構簡圖..................................................................96
圖5.18　I3-O5型編號96槓桿圖可行平面圖畫之機構簡圖...................................96
圖5.19　I3-O5型編號118槓桿圖合成之自動變速器機構簡圖..............................98
圖6.1　I4-O4型編號114及編號123槓桿圖...........................................................100
圖6.2　I4-O4型編號114槓桿圖、檔位作動表及比例數線....................................101
圖6.3　I4-O4型編號123槓桿圖、檔位作動表及比例數線...................................101
圖6.4　I4-O4型編號114槓桿圖輸入端比例數線之列舉......................................103
圖6.5　I4-O4型編號114槓桿圖輸入端基本齒輪單元之列舉..............................104
圖6.6　I4-O4型編號114槓桿圖輸入端單行星齒輪變速機構之列舉..................104
圖6.7　I4-O4型編號114桿圖輸入端Ravigneaux式變速機構之列舉.................104
圖6.8　I4-O4型編號114槓桿圖輸出端比例數線之列舉......................................104
圖6.9　I4-O4型編號114槓桿圖輸出端基本齒輪單元之列舉..............................105
圖6.10　I4-O4型編號114槓桿圖輸出端單行星齒輪變速機構之列舉................105
圖6.11　I4-O4型編號114槓桿圖輸出端Ravigneaux式變速機構之列舉............105
圖6.12　I4-O4型編號123槓桿圖輸入端比例數線之列舉...................................107
圖6.13　I4-O4型編號123槓桿圖輸入端基本齒輪單元之列舉...........................107
圖6.14　I4-O4型編號123槓桿圖輸入端單行星齒輪變速機構之列舉...............108
圖6.15　I4-O4型編號123槓桿圖輸入端Ravigneaux式變速機構之列舉...........108
圖6.16　I4-O4型編號123槓桿圖輸出端比例數線之列舉...................................108
圖6.17　I4-O4型編號123槓桿圖輸出端基本齒輪單元之列舉...........................108
圖6.18　I4-O4型編號123槓桿圖輸出端單行星齒輪變速機構之列舉...............109
圖6.19　I4-O4型編號123槓桿圖輸出端Ravigneaux式變速機構之列舉...........109
圖6.20　圖6.20　縮圖之繪製過程.........................................................................110
圖6.21　離合器及制動器配置過程........................................................................112
圖6.22　I4-O4型編號114型槓桿圖離合器及制動器配置結果............................113
圖6.23　平面圖畫之繪製過程................................................................................114
圖6.24　圖6.23(c)平面圖畫之機構簡圖................................................................115
圖6.25　 I4-O4型編號123槓桿圖所合成出之自動變速器..................................116

表目錄

表2.1　U.S.20117998014[41]汽車自動變速器轉速比計算式.................................14
表2.2　U.S.20130203551[21]汽車自動變速器轉速比計算式.................................14
表2.3　U.S.20117998014[41]汽車自動變速器轉速比計算式.................................23
表2.4　U.S.20130203551[21]汽車自動變速器轉速比計算式.................................27
表2.5　市售車使用之行星齒輪式汽車自動變速器之轉速比................................32
表2.6　市售車使用之行星齒輪式汽車自動變速器之速級比................................33
表2.7　設計限制規格表............................................................................................35
表2.8　十速汽車自動變速器轉速比之決定............................................................35
表3.1　各檔位之轉速比計算式................................................................................41
表3.2　齒數設計之疊代過程....................................................................................51
表4.1　內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器比例數線之組合........................................53
表4.2　I3-O5及I4-O4型之槓桿圖可提供之檔位數目............................................61
表5.1　I3-O5型編號96槓桿圖可行之輸出端變速機構之通路數列.....................91
表5.2　I3-O5型編號96槓桿圖離合器及制動器配置結果.....................................92
表5.3　I3-O5型編號118槓桿圖之輸入端及輸出端變速機構之通路數列............92
表5.4　I3-O5型編號118槓桿圖離合器及制動器配置結果....................................93
表5.5　I3-O5型編號96槓桿圖其餘變速機構組合之平面圖畫.............................95
表5.6　圖5.16(c)平面圖畫之齒數設計結果............................................................96
表5.7　I3-O5型編號96槓桿圖可行基本齒輪單元之齒數設計結果.....................96
表5.8　I3-O5型槓桿圖合成之十速內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器結果..............98
表6.1　I4-O4型編號114槓桿圖可行之輸出端變速機構之通路數列..................111
表6.2　I4-O4型編號123槓桿圖之輸入端及輸出端變速機構之通路數列..........113
表6.3　I4-O4型編號114槓桿圖離合器及制動器配置結果..................................113
表6.4　圖6.23(c)平面圖畫之齒數設計結果...........................................................115
表6.5　I4-O4型槓桿圖合成之十速內嵌離合器式汽車自動變速器結果.............116

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